Human Circulation System

Question 1

What is the vena cava?

Answer 1

Body’s largest vein that carries deoxy blood from all parts of body back to right atrium so it can be sent to right ventricle and pumped into lungs to become oxy

Question 2

What is the aorta?

Answer 2

Body’s largest artery that carries oxy blood from left ventricle to rest of body so oxygen is delivered to tissues and organs

Question 3

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 3

Artery that carries deoxy blood from right ventricle to lungs so it can re-oxygenated

Question 4

What is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 4

Vein that returns oxygenated blood to heart from the lungs so it can be distributed to rest of body

Question 5

What are coronary arteries?

Answer 5

Arteries that supply heart with oxygenated blood

Question 6

What is the heart?

Answer 6

Organ that pumps blood around body in double circulatory system

Question 7

What is the right ventricle?

Answer 7

Heart chamber that pumps deoxy blood from heart to lungs through pulmonary artery

Question 8

What is left ventricle?

Answer 8

Heart chamber that pumps oxy blood around the body

Question 9

What is trachea?

Answer 9

Tube that provides passage for air from mouth and nose to lungs

Question 10

What is bronchi?

Answer 10

Extension of trachea that transports air from trachea into lungs by dividing into smaller bronchioles

Question 11

What is alveoli?

Answer 11

Tiny air sacs that carry out gas exchange

Question 12

What are alveoli adaptations?

Answer 12

Large surface area to volume ratio, thin walls, excellent blood supply, moist surface

Question 13

What controls natural resting heart rate

Answer 13

Special group of heart muscle cells in right atrium called pacemaker

Question 14

What are artificial pacemakers?

Answer 14

Electrical devices that correct heart irregularities

Question 15

What are arteries?

Answer 15

Blood vessels that carry blood under high pressure away from heart

Question 16

What are veins?

Answer 16

Blood vessels that carry blood under low pressure towards heart

Question 17

What are capillaries?

Answer 17

Blood vessels that let molecules enter and leave blood

Question 18

What are artery adaptations?

Answer 18

Walls have thick layer of muscle and elastic tissue to withstand high pressure

Question 19

What are vein adaptations?

Answer 19

Large lumen and thin layer of muscle so can be easily compressed by surrounding muscles, valves to prevent backflow

Question 20

What are capillary adaptations?

Answer 20

Walls 1 cell thick to shorten diffusion pathway, narrow lumen to slow blood flow to give diffusion more time, large network that gives large surface area for diffusion, permeable walls to give plasma to leak out and bathe cells

Question 21

What is blood?

Answer 21

Tissue consisting of plasma in which red blood cells and white blood cells are stored

Question 22

What is plasma?

Answer 22

Pale liquid part of blood that transports proteins and other chemicals around body

Question 23

What is red blood cell?

Answer 23

Specialised cell containing protein haemoglobin that binds to o2 to transport it from lungs to tissue

Question 24

What is white blood cell?

Answer 24

Specialised cell that helps protect body against infection

Question 25

What are platelets?

Answer 25

Fragments of cells that initiate clotting process at wound signs

Question 26

What are RBC adaptations?

Answer 26

Small and flexible to fit through narrow vessels, bi-concave to maximise surface area to absorb o2, has thin membrane to allow gases to easily diffuse through

Question 27

What are WBC adaptations?

Answer 27

Can change shape so they can squeeze through blood vessel walls

Question 28

What are blood products?

Answer 28

Components of blood given to patient by transfusion

Question 29

What is CHD?

Answer 29

Disease when blood flow to heart is restricted or stopped

Question 30

Describe CHD process

Answer 30

Fatty deposit that make up plaque builds up in heart, hard outer plaque layer cracks and platelets form blood clots around cracks, making arteries narrow even more, reducing blood flow and making less o2 reach heart, causing some heart muscle to die

Question 31

What is stent?

Answer 31

Small tube inserted in narrow/blocked arteries like coronary arteries to keep it open and ensure blood flows to heart

Question 32

What is statin?

Answer 32

Drug that lowers blood cholesterol levels by reducing its production in liver, preventing fatty deposits building up in artery

Question 33

What can happen when heart valve becomes faulty?

Answer 33

It doesn't fully open, restricting blood flow to heart

Question 34

When can artificial hearts be used?

Answer 34

To keep patient waiting for transplant alive or allow heart to rest to aid recovery

Question 35

Advantages of stent

Answer 35

Efficient and small surgery

Question 36

Disadvantages of stent

Answer 36

Chance of rejection, risk of infection

Question 37

Advantages of statin

Answer 37

Efficient

Question 38

Disadvantages of statin

Answer 38

Must be eaten every day, can have unwanted side effect with other medicine

Question 39

Advantages of transplant

Answer 39

Increases quality of life, increases lifespan

Question 40

Disadvantages of transplant

Answer 40

Risks infection, chance of rejection