Human communication

Question 1

What is the dominant hemisphere for the majority of the population?

Answer 1

Left hemisphere

Question 2

What is the function of the non-dominant hemisphere for lanaguage?

Answer 2

Understanding the prosody (non-literal meaning of speech)

Question 3

What is the function of the dominant hemisphere for language?

Answer 3

understand the literal meaning of words

Question 4

What is prosody?

Answer 4

The way in which humans convey non-literal meaning through their language (cadence, rythm, emotion, emphasis, tone)

Question 5

Where is the recognition of voices located?

Answer 5

in the non-dominant hemisphere

Question 6

What is phonagnosia?

Answer 6

difficulty in recognizing voices

Question 7

What causes phonagnosia?

Answer 7

damage to the right superior temporal cortex

Question 8

Which side of the brain is included in the comprehension of metaphores?

Answer 8

The non-dominant side

Question 9

What are the two generic types of aphasia?

Answer 9

• deficits of speaking
• deficits of understanding

Question 10

What causes aphasias associated with deficits of speaking?

Answer 10

• damage to the frontal lobe

Question 11

What causes aphasias associated with deficits of understanding?

Answer 11

sensory association cortex

Question 12

What types of aphasia are associated with deficits in understanding language?

Answer 12

• posterior aphasia
• sensory aphasia
• receptive aphasia
• wernicke’s aphasia
• fluent aphasia

Question 13

What types of aphasia are associated with deficits in speaking?

Answer 13

• anterior aphasia
• motor aphasia
• expressive aphasia
• broca’s aphasia
• non-fluent aphasia

Question 14

Where does the word-to-thought/though-to-word process occur?

Answer 14

posterior language area

Question 15

What is the function of Wernicke’s area?

Answer 15

Spoken word perception

Question 16

What is the function of Broca’s area?

Answer 16

• word choice
• sequencing
• grammar
• articulation
• speech production

Question 17

What causes transcortical sensory aphasia?

Answer 17

damage to the posterior language area

Question 18

What are the symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia?

Answer 18

• failure to comprehend the meaning of words and an inability to express thoughts with meaningful speech
• word perception/speaking can be fine

Question 19

Where are located the strokes that cause the majority of language deficiencies?

Answer 19

left hemisphere

Question 20

What characterizes conduction aphasia?

Answer 20

Inability to repeat the exact words that were heard

Question 21

What brain structure is responsible to hear?

Answer 21

primary auditory cortex

Question 22

What causes conduction aphasia?

Answer 22

damge to the arcuate fasciculus (axons that connect wernicke’s and Broca’s areas

Question 23

What area of the brain is responsible for recognizing words?

Answer 23

wernicke’s area

Question 24

What area of the brain is responsible for the COMPREHENSION of words?

Answer 24

posterior language area

Question 25

Where is Wernicke's area situated?

Answer 25

in the auditory association cortex, on the left temporal lobe

Question 26

What characterizes pure word deafness?

Answer 26

Inability to comprehend or repeat spoken word, but perfect hearing abilities, ability to recognize other types of sounds as well as a capacity to comprehend written language and speak intellegibly

Question 27

What causes pure word deafness?

Answer 27

damage to Wernicke's area

Question 28

What causes Wernicke's aphasia?

Answer 28

damage to wernicke's area AND the posterior language area

Question 29

What is the defining feature of Wernicke's aphasia?

Answer 29

poor language comprehension (cannot speak or understand words)

Question 30

How is the speech of a person with Wernicke's aphasia characterized?

Answer 30

- fluent - completely meaningless - prosody

Question 31

What disorders is Wernicke's aphasia a compound of?

Answer 31

- pure word deafness - transcortical sensory aphasia

Question 32

What is the difference between Wernicke's aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia?

Answer 32

patients with wernicke's aphasia are completely incapable of repeating words that are said to them, as they do not recognize words at all. Patients with transcortical sensory aphasia do not know what the words mean, but they are able to repeat them.

Question 33

What is the relation between Wernicke's aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia?

Answer 33

- damage to the same area of the brain (could not differentiate them with a brain scan)

Question 34

What are the symptoms of Broca's aphasia?

Answer 34

- inability to express themselves - inability to repeat - Articulation issues (slow/awkward/meaningless speech - agrammatism - anomia

Question 35

What causes pure alexia?

Answer 35

- damage to the visual word form area

Question 36

Where is situated the word-form visual area?

Answer 36

- fusiform gyrus of the left hemisphere

Question 37

What are the characteristics of pure alexia?

Answer 37

inability to recognize written words, but are still able to understand spoken words, express themselves and write