Theory X & Y by?
McGregor
Basic assumptions of T. X
- Innate Aversion to work
- passive and lazy
- forced to make a productive contribution
- little ambition
- Strong need for security
Basic Assumptions of T. Y
- physical + mental exertion are natural
- people are engaged
- develop initiative and self control
- people seek and take responsibility
- ideal type
Cycle Y
Is a cycle that:
- promotes initiative and responsibility
- continuously strengthens employee engagement
- Is good for both company and employee
- implies a good work ethic
Cycle X
Is a cycle that:
- doesn’t promote initiative and responsibility
- describes a lazy worker in a strict environment that leads to passivity
- implies a bad work ethic
Schein‘s typology of man
- The rational economic human
- the social human
- the self-fulfilling human
- the complex human
The rational-economic human
- Motivated by money
- improvement in performance by higher pay
- passive
- theory X
The social human
- Job satisfaction dependent on interpersonal relationships
- desire to be involved in group work
The self-fulfilling human
- Strives for autonomy and self-realization
- Prefers self-control
- theory Y
The complex human
- multifaceted person
- versatile / constantly changing
- different motives
Maslows hierarchy of needs
- physiological needs
- security and safety needs
- social needs
- Esteem needs
- Self-actualisation needs
Herzbergs two factor theory
Hygiene factors & motivators
Hygiene factors
Lead to dissatisfaction:
- company policy
- Surveillance
- relation to superiors
Motivators
Lead to satisfaction:
- performance
- appreciation
- work itself
- responsibility
Adams Equity theory of motivation
Input = Output
(time effort, (Pay, bonus,
ability loyalty) Perks, benefits)
Vrooms expectancy theory of motivation
Motivation =
Effort x Performance x Rewards (Expectancy*instrumentality*valence) Will my effort lead to high performance? Will my performance lead to outcomes? Will I find the outcomes desirable?
Work performance is influenced by?
- Performance conditions
- the ability&capability to perform
- readiness to perform
Performance disposition during the day
Peaks at: 10:00-11:00 & 16:00-20:00
Troughs at: 14:00-15:00 & 24:00-05:00
Incentive schemes
Material Elements & intangible Elements
(Wages, co. cars) (Status, guarantees)
