is there more slavery that exists today than in any other point in history
yes
what does human trafficking mean
trafficking: the illegal transportation and/or exploitation of people or human parts. It may take place where the person lives or may involve relocation within the country or across national borders. It is usually for the purposes of forced labour or sexual exploitation. It does not include people smuggling, where the person moves willingly but through illegal means.
in 2014, forced labour generated how many billions in profit
150 billion
in 2012, how many million victims were trapped in modern day slavery
21 million
what percentage of victims need to perform labour in factories
68%
what percentage of victims experience sexual exploitation
22%
the 3 steps of human trafficking
act
means
purpose
what does the ‘act’ step consist of (5)
- recruitment
- transport
- transfer
- harbouring
- receipt of persons
what does the means step consist of (7)
- threat for use of force
- coercion
- abduction
- fraud
- deception
- abuse of power or vulnerability
- giving payments or benefits
what are NGOs
non governmental organisations
what does the purpose step consist of (5)
exploitation:
- prostitution of others
- sexual exploitation
- forced labour
- slavery or similar practises
- removal of organs
why do NGOs help stop human trafficking
because its a cross border, hidden crime which governments often struggle to tackle alone, and they work at local, national, and global scales
how do NGOs prevent human trafficking (2)
by education and awareness campaigns so teaching communities about the risks and signs of trafficking, and providing information on rights, and spreading awareness through schools, social media, and radio
economic support through helping at-risk groups access skills training and job opportunities and reducing their economic pressure that makes people vulnerable to traffickers
how do NGOs provide protection (3)
- shelter and safe houses (emergency housing, food)
- psychological and social support (trauma counselling, social reintegration programs and family reunification)
- legal aid (helping victims navigate the justice system, providing translators)
how do NGOs increase legal pressure and prosecution (3)
- working with police to identify trafficking routes and recruiters, and providing evidence or intelligence)
- pushing governments to pass anti-trafficking legislations and advocating for better labor protections for migrants, refugees and domestic workers)
- monitoring so reporting abuses and corruption and tracking government progress on anti-trafficking commitments
how do NGOs increase global collaboration to stop trafficking (2)
- sharing data on missing people, traffickers and migration patterns
- working with UN agencies
what type of data do NGOs produce that governments lack (4)
Map trafficking hotspots
Identify vulnerable populations
Track trends (e.g., online recruitment)
Publish reports to influence policy
THORN was founded to
tackle how technology enables sexual abuse of trafficking, and to use technology as a part of the solution.
when was thorn founded
2012
what is debt bondage or bonded labour
where the victim’s labour is required as repayment of a debt; conditions are unclear and unfair and the labour provided is generally worth a lot more than the original debt.
what is forced labour
where the victim works under threat of violence to themselves or their family. Work may be as a domestic servant, as an agricultural hand or in factory sweatshops.
What is the name of the international body responsible for developing solutions to human trafficking?
the United Nations. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) oversees the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)
main ways human trafficking can be reduced (7)
- Criminalise human trafficking through legislations; international cooperation
- Protect and support victims, ensure they are treated as survivors not criminals
- Combat poverty through job creation, education, and social welfare; support at-risk groups
- Improve school access and awareness so children are less likely to be targeted
- Raise public awareness
- INspect industries linked to trafficking eg. agriculture sector
- More resources and funding like law enforcement agencies to combat trafficking
main reasons why human trafficking is proving to be such a difficult problem to solve? (5)
- High demand for cheap labour
- Large profits for traffickers
- Weak or corrupt law enforcement
- Poverty, political instability and conflict
- Violence against law enforcement
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