Humanistic

Question 1

What does it mean to have an idiographic approach to understanding behaviour

Answer 1

the idea that every individual is unique and we are all different and we should be treated as such. We should not generalise to groups

Question 2

Describe free will in terms of the humanistic approach

Answer 2

Humans are self-determining, though the approach does acknowledge that we have constraints on free will, such as social rules, laws and morals.

Question 3

Discuss holism in terms of the humanistic approach

Answer 3

We should not look at just one aspect of an individual, if only one part is considered, then what could be affecting the individual might be missed. So humanists do not agree with focusing on childhood in therapy but all of development.

Question 4

Outline what self actualisation is

Answer 4

reaching ones full potential through personal growth and motivation

Question 5

What is Maslow’s theory called

Answer 5

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 6

Outline 3 physiological need

Answer 6

Breathing, food, water, shelter, sex, sleep, clothing/warmth

Question 7

Name 3 safety and security needs

Answer 7

Property, job security, health, family, social stability

Question 8

Name 3 love and belonging needs

Answer 8

friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection

Question 9

What stage of the hierarchy is characterised by the following; confidence, achievement, respect of others

Answer 9

Esteem needs

Question 10

What skill are developed for self actualisation

Answer 10

Morality, creativity, humour, spontaneity, acceptance

Question 11

Rogers theory of self actualisation is broken down into 3 main concepts, name them

Answer 11

The self concept, the ideal self, the real self

Question 12

Define ideal self

Answer 12

who you want to be

Question 13

Define the real self

Answer 13

who you are currently

Question 14

Define the self concept

Answer 14

how you see yourself currently

Question 15

define congruence

Answer 15

when your self concept and the ideal self are similar

Question 16

Define incongruence

Answer 16

when the ideal self and self concept are not similar

Question 17

Describe conditions of worth

Answer 17

standards put on someone by a significant other (e.g. parent) which they believe they must meet IF they are to be accepted by others

Question 18

What is unconditional positive regard

Answer 18

when someone is loved for simply being who they are

Question 19

What does “focus on the self” mean in humanistic psychology?

Answer 19

Emphasising each person’s own experience, feelings and self-perception rather than just observing outward behaviour.

Question 20

How has humanistic psychology influenced counselling psychology?

Answer 20

It led to person-centred therapy, where therapists offer empathy, unconditional positive regard and authenticity (congruence) to help clients grow and self-actualise.

Question 21

evaluate humanism

strength

Answer 21

• P - strong real world applicatoin
• Eg - lead to the development of client centered therapies. meta analysis of person centrered therapy demonstrates significant reductions in symptomsm compared to other therapies
• Ex - by emphasising unconditional positive regard, clients feel genuinely heard and supported, which fosters personal growth rather than mere symptom manaagement
• L - this shows how the core humanisitic concepts have directly informed effective clinical practice
• H - the success of these therapies can depend on the therapists skill whiyhc may limit itsb effectiveness in some settings

Question 22

evaluate humanism

limitation

Answer 22

• P - key concepts are difficult to operatioanlise and test empirically
• Eg - self actualisatoin and congruence rely on subjective reports
• Ex - without clear, standardised instructions hypothesis about self actualisation or congruence cannot be rigorously tested whic makes it hard to gather objective data
• L - struglles to meet the criteria of a science, limiting its acceptance
• H - some aspects like unconditional positice rgard have been operationalises successfully and show consistent positive correlatoins with client outcomes

Question 23

what is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and how does it explain human motivation?

Answer 23

It’s a five-level model of human needs arranged as a pyramid. Lower-level “deficiency” needs (physiological and safety) must be at least partly satisfied before we’re motivated to pursue higher-level “growth” needs (love/belonging, esteem, self-actualisation). As each level is met, we move up the pyramid, striving toward personal fulfilment.

Question 24

what are the 5 levels in the hierarchy

Answer 24

Physiological: Basic survival (food, water, sleep)

Safety: Protection and stability (shelter, security)

Love/Belonging: Relationships and acceptance

Esteem: Achievement, respect, confidence

Self-Actualisation: Realising one’s full potential through creativity, personal growth and peak experiences