Hydrocephalus

Question 1

What is normal pressure hydrocephalus due to?

Answer 1

Enlarged 4th ventricle

Question 2

How does normal pressure hydrocephalus present?

Answer 2

• Urinary incontinence
• Cognitive impairment- dementia
• Gait abnormality- slow, shuffling gait

Question 3

How does a child with hydrocephalus present?

Answer 3

• Impaired downward gaze- sunsetting gaze
• Increased head circumference
• Bulging fontanelle

Question 4

What is another name for the impaired downward gaze that a child presents with?

Answer 4

Sunsetting gaze

Question 5

What is another name for Non-obstructive hydrocephalus?

Answer 5

Communicating hydrocephalus

Question 6

What is communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 6

Imbalance between production and absorption of CSF

Question 7

What is non-obstructive hydrocephalus due to?

Answer 7

• Increased production due to choroid plexus tumour

* Failure of reabsorption due to arachnoid granulations (meningitis)

Question 8

What is another name for obstructive hydrocephalus?

Answer 8

Non-communicating hydrocephalus

Question 9

What are the causes of obstructive hydrocephalus?

Answer 9

• Tumour
• Adequate stenosis
• Sub-arachnoid/intraventricular haemorrhage

Question 10

What is first line in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus diagnosed?

Answer 10

CT

Question 11

What would you do if you suspected an underlying lesion?

Answer 11

MRI

Question 12

What is diagnostic and therapeutic for non-obstructive hydrocephalus?

Answer 12

Lumbar puncture

Question 13

When would you not do a lumbar puncture?

Answer 13

In someone with Obstructive hydrocephalus

Question 14

What is the management of hydrocephalus?

Answer 14

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Question 15

What is lumbar spinal stenosis?