Hyperglycemia

Question 1

Symptoms

Answer 1

• Blurred vision
• Weight loss
• Polyuria: large passage of urine
• Polydipsia: XS thirst/drinking

Question 2

Consequences

Answer 2

Microvascular:
•	Retinopathy 
•	Nephropathy 
•	Neuropathy 
Macrovascular:
•	Stroke 
•	MI 
•	PVD

Question 3

Diagnostic criteria for diabetes

Answer 3

• Diagnostic glucose levels after fasting =7.0mmol/l.
• Diagnostic glucose random> 11mmol/l
• HbA1c>48mmol/l
• Oral glucose tolerance test: 2hours after 75g of CHO has been ingested>11.1 mmol/l

Question 4

Diagnostic criteria for intermediate hyperglycaemia

Answer 4

• Inpaired fasting of glucose 6.1-7mmol/l
• Impaired fasting of glucose 2 hours after glucose >7.8 but less than 11.1mmol/l
• HbA1c between 42-47mmol/mol

Identifies patients with a higher risk of developing diabetes and adverse outcomes such as CVS

Question 5

What does the diabetes criteria indicate

Answer 5

Identifies patients with a higher risk of mortality and increased risk of microvascular disease

Question 6

What does hyperglycaemia criteria indicate

Answer 6

Identifies patients with a higher risk of developing diabetes and adverse outcomes such as CVS

Question 7

What is the standard for confirming diabetes

Answer 7

To confirm diagnosis of diabetes

• 1 GLUCOSE diagnostic lab + symptoms
• 2 GLUCOSE diagnostic lab or 1 Hb1Ac

Question 8

What is Hb1AC

Answer 8

Glycated haemoglobin= haemoglobin +glucose

Gives an indication of glucose blood levels of the past 8-12 weeks

Question 9

Who can Hb1AC not be performed in

Answer 9

• Children
• Pregnant women ( or if they have given birth within the past 2 months)
• People who have pancreatic damage
• People who have renal damage
• People with HIV
• Patients who take medications which cause rapid glucose rise such as corticosteroids. (If they have been taking these for a long time then it is ok)
• Patients who seem to have a hyperglycemic attack but <48mmol/mol it is not diagnostic
• Patients who are at high risk of developing diabetes but are acutely ill