Hyperlipidemia

Question 1

cholesterol

Answer 1

essential part of the phospholipid bilayer
- building block for estrogen, testosterone, vitamin D, cortisol, bile acid
- insoluble

Question 2

types of cholesterol

Answer 2

exogenous: 25%, dietary, has some effect on level
endogenous: 75%, manufactured by liver cells

Question 3

endogenous cholesterol

Answer 3

the pathway that creates cholesterol: hydroymethylglutatyl coenzyme A reductase
uses saturated fat

Question 4

pathway of cholesterol

Answer 4

• LDL will bind w LDL receptors on liver cells
• LDL coated vesicle processed in lysosome to create cholesterol

Question 5

what happens if there is excess cholesterol

Answer 5

HMG CoA reductase will be inhibited
LDL receptors synthesis will be inhibited

Question 6

types of lipids proteins

Answer 6

• HDL-C: high density lipid, good cholesterol
• LDL-C: low density lipid, bad cholesterol
• VLDLs: very low density lipids

Question 7

elevated levels of __ indicate risk of heart disease

Answer 7

LDLs and VLDLs

Question 8

hypercholesterolemia

Answer 8

too much cholesterol
- aka: hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia
- know what serum would look like

Question 9

testing lipid levels

Answer 9

• must fast other wise testing will get screwed up

Question 10

total cholesterol score

Answer 10

HDL + LDL + triglyceride/5 = total cholesterol score
- good indicator for heart disease and atherosclerosis

Question 11

broad goals for cholesterol levels

Answer 11

• cholesterol: below 200
• HDL: greater than 60
• LDL: less than 100
• Triglyceride: 40-150

Question 12

ratio of LDLs

Answer 12

plays a role in ability to eliminate LDL
male: less than 5
female: less than 4.5

Question 13

familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 13

defect in LDL receptor in liver cells
- liver cannot efficiently remove LDL from blood resulting in elevated LDL cholesterol in blood

Question 14

risks of high cholesterol

Answer 14

• age
• family
• smoking
• HTN
• diabetes
• physical inactivity

Question 15

atherosclerosis

Answer 15

thickening or hardening or bv
- atherosclerotic plaque formation occurs w endothelium injury
- injury causes the endothelium to increase in permeability allowing LDLs to move into vessel wall

Question 16

causes of endothelium injury

Answer 16

• smoking
• chronic hemodynamic wall stress (HTN)
• hyperglycemia