Hypersensitivities 1 & 2

Question 1

Two stages of hypersensitivity type 1

Answer 1

• sensitization: antigen encountered; symptoms not experienced

-effect stage: repeat exposure to antigen; body recognizes antigen; results in response w/ typical allergic rxn response

Question 2

Effector of type i hypersensitivity

Answer 2

• IgE
• mast cells, basophils, eosinophils
• IgE coated mast cell degranulation and inflammation

Question 3

Effector of type ii

Answer 3

• IgG, IgM

-nk cells and complement destroy antibody coated cells

Question 4

Effector type 3

Answer 4

• IgG
• complement activation and neutrophil degranulation

Question 5

Effector type 4

Answer 5

• No antibodies
• memory t cells and macrophages

Question 6

mediators released by mast cell and basophil degranulation

Answer 6

• histamine: makes everything “angry” ( red, hot, swollen) & increases mucus prod.
• prostaglandins: smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion
• leukotrienes: bronchal spasms

Question 7

Skin tests for type i hypersensitivity

Answer 7

• blood test: ELISA for allergen specific IgE antibodies
• skin test: diluted extracts from allergens injected ID. Rxns may//may not happen within 30 mins

Question 8

Major organ affected by anaphylactic shock in dogs

Answer 8

Liver

Question 9

Name the 3 transfusion rxns that are type 2 rxns

Answer 9

• ABO Blood groups system
• hemolytic disease of newborn
• Rh blood group system

Question 10

Summarize pathogenesis of Neonatal Isoerythrolysis

Answer 10

Mom prod. Antibodies against rbc factor (lacks originally)

Foal inherits rbc factor from dad

Mom’s colostrum has antibodies against factor which tag foal’s rbc and destroys them

Question 11

Diagnosis of neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 11

Mare Showing anti-rbc antibodies in colostrum/serum

Question 12

Similarity & difference between foal and mare rbc

Answer 12

• similarities: hemoglobin structurally identical
• diff: newborn= higher affinity for O2 than mom

Question 13

How can mares be exposed to rbc factor

Answer 13

• colostrum
• transfusion

Question 14

What type of hypersensitivity is neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 14

2

Question 15

Pemphigus

Answer 15

Autoimmune disease where skin attacks connections between its own skin cells

Question 16

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 16

Malfunction between transmission of signals between nerves and muscles

Question 17

Myasthenia gravis and pemphigus foliaceus are what type hypersens.

Answer 17

Type 2