Hypersensitivity

Question 1

Hypersensetivity

Answer 1

undesirable pathologic lesions triggered by immune responses

Question 2

Hypersensitivity Types

Answer 2

Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV

Question 3

Parasitic Infestation in normal animal

Answer 3

inflammatory responses that result from the release of the contents of the mast cell, basophil, and eosinophil cytoplasmic granules.

Question 4

Response in Hypersensitive animal

Answer 4

causes unwanted inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and enzymes are rapidly released from mast cell granules. These cause allergies and anaphylaxis

Question 5

First Exposure to Allergen

Answer 5

hypersensitive animal responds to allergen by mounting an exaggerated Th2 response and so produce excessive IgE. IgE will bind to tissue mast cells

Question 6

Second Exposure to Allergen

Answer 6

degranulation is initiated when an antigen molecule cross-links IgE to two Fc Receptors

Question 7

Mast Cell Degranulation

Answer 7

1. very rapid (seconds to minutes). Granules are extruded from the cell and then their contents can diffuse into tissues.
2. Mast cells begin to generate leukotrienes and prostaglandins
3. This is followed by activation of cytokine genes and cytokine synthesis (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13)

Question 8

Allergy effects

Answer 8

histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes cause vasodilation, vascular leak, and bronchial constriction

Question 9

Anaphylaxis

Answer 9

1. A sudden shock syndrome resulting from the massive release of mast cell mediators
2. Histamine cause massive smooth muscle contraction
3. The bronchi constrict and the victim suffocates

Question 10

Allergy Diagnosis

Answer 10

panel of intradermal skin tests. Each spot denotes a position where a small volume of dilute allergen was injected intradermally. If the dog is allergic to an allergen, a local reaction characterized by redness and swelling occur around the injection site.

Question 11

Immunotherapy

Answer 11

1. Trying to force a switch from IgE to IgG

2. Administer very low doses of antigen. Gradually increase the dose.