A statistical method that uses sample data to evaluate hypothesis about a population
HYPOTHESIS-TESTING
procedure for whether the outcome of a study (results for a sample) supports a particular theory or practical innovation (which is thought to apply to a population)
HYPOTHESIS-TESTING
Prediction, often based on informal observation, previous research, or theory, that is tested in a research study
HYPOTHESIS
Set of principles that attempt to explain one or more facts, relationships, or events
THEORY
HYPOTHESIS-TESTING STEPS/PROCESS
- STATE THE HYPOTHESIS.
- SET THE CRITERIA FOR A DECISION.
- DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPARISON DISTRIBUTION AND THE CUTOFF SAMPLE SCORE.
- COLLECT THE DATA AND COMPUTE SAMPLE STATISTICS
- MAKE A DECISION
Restate the research question as a Null Hypothesis and an Alternative
Hypothesis about the population.
STATE THE HYPOTHESIS.
states that, in the general population, there is no change, no difference, or no relationship
Null Hypothesis (H0)
also known as the research hypothesis, states that there is a change, a difference, or a relationship for the general population
Alternative Hypothesis (H1)-
Find the boundaries that separate the high-probability samples from the low probability samples.
SET THE CRITERIA FOR A DECISION
also known as the alpha level, is a value that is used to define the concept of “very unlikely” in a hypothesis test
Level of significance
distribution used in hypothesis-testing which represents the population situation if the null hypothesis is true.
Comparison Distribution
also known as the critical value, is a point in hypothesis-testing, on the comparison distribution at which if reached or exceeded by the sample score, you reject the (H0).
Cutoff Sample Score
composed of extreme sample scores/values that are very unlikely to be obtained if the (H0) is true.
Critical Region
a result is said to be significant or statistically significant if it is very unlikely to occur when the null hypothesis is true.
Statistical Significance
Research hypothesis predicting a particular direction of difference between population
DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
Is a situation in which the region of the comparison distribution in which the H0 would be rejected is all on one side (tail) of the distribution
ONE-TAILED TEST
Research hypothesis that does not predict a particular direction of difference between the population
NON-DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
Is a situation in which the region of the comparison distribution in which the H0 would be rejected is
divided into two sides (tails) of the distribution.
TWO-TAILED TEST
critical value for one-tailed test, 0.05 alpha level
+_ 1.64
critical value for two-tailed test, 0.05 alpha level
+_1.96
critical value for one-tailed test, 0.01 alpha level
+_ 2.33
critical value for two-tailed test, 0.01 alpha level
+_ 2.58
- Distribution of means of samples of a given size (n)
from a population - Also called sampling distribution of mean
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES MEANS
Comparison distribution when testing hypotheses involving a single sample of more than one individual
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES MEANS
