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Question 1

Tensile Strength

Answer 1

Maximum pulling force a material can withstand before breaking

Question 2

Compressive Strength

Answer 2

Maximum pushing/squeezing force a material can withstand

Question 3

Ductility

Answer 3

Ability to be stretched into a wire without breaking

Question 4

Brittleness

Answer 4

Breaks easily without significant deformation (e.g.

Question 5

Hardness

Answer 5

Resistance to scratching or indentation

Question 6

Toughness

Answer 6

Ability to absorb energy before fracturing

Question 7

Elasticity

Answer 7

Ability to return to original shape after deformation

Question 8

Force

Answer 8

Push or pull that can change an object’s motion

Question 9

Vector

Answer 9

Has both magnitude & direction (e.g.

Question 10

Scalar

Answer 10

Has magnitude only (e.g.

Question 11

Tension

Answer 11

Pulling/stretching force

Question 12

Compression

Answer 12

Pushing/squeezing force

Question 13

Shear

Answer 13

Sliding force along a surface

Question 14

Torsion

Answer 14

Twisting force

Question 15

Bending

Answer 15

Combination of tension & compression

Question 16

Equilibrium

Answer 16

All forces and moments balance; structure is stable

Question 17

Force polygon closes

Answer 17

Structure is in equilibrium

Question 18

Lever

Answer 18

Rigid bar turning around a fulcrum; MA = output force ÷ input force

Question 19

Inclined Plane

Answer 19

Sloped surface reduces lifting force

Question 20

Wheel & Axle

Answer 20

Magnifies force or speed

Question 21

Pulley

Answer 21

Changes direction or multiplies force

Question 22

Screw

Answer 22

Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

Question 23

Wedge

Answer 23

Converts applied force into perpendicular forces

Question 24

Mechanical Advantage (MA)

Answer 24

Output force ÷ Input force

Question 25

Velocity Ratio (VR)

Answer 25

Distance moved by effort ÷ Distance moved by load

Question 26

Efficiency (%)

Answer 26

(MA ÷ VR) × 100

Question 27

Voltage (V)

Answer 27

Electrical “pressure” pushing electrons through a circuit

Question 28

Current (I)

Answer 28

Flow of electrons (Amps)

Question 29

Resistance (R)

Answer 29

Opposition to electron flow (Ohms)

Question 30

Ohm’s Law

Answer 30

V = I × R

Question 31

Series Circuit

Answer 31

Current same

Question 32

Parallel Circuit

Answer 32

Voltage same

Question 33

Trusses/Frames/Beams

Answer 33

Distribute forces efficiently

Question 34

Compression Member

Answer 34

Resists pushing forces

Question 35

Tension Member

Answer 35

Resists pulling forces

Question 36

Reinforced Concrete

Answer 36

Concrete strong in compression

Question 37

Common Failure Modes

Answer 37

Bending