Icides

Question 0

What is the best use of Manet?

Answer 0

Fungicide

Question 1

What is the best use of Diethyltoluamide (DEET)?

Answer 1

Insect repellent

Question 2

What is the best use of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)?

Answer 2

Insecticide

Question 3

What is the best use of Paraquat?

Answer 3

Herbicide

Question 4

Pesticides chemical classes?

Answer 4

1. Organophosphates (O-Ps) - parathion, chlorpyrifos
2. Carbamate
3. Organochlorine - DDT
4. Pyrethrum - pyrethins
5. Herbicides - 2,4-D, Paraquat, 2,4-D 2,4,5-T - dioxin

Question 5

O-Ps pesticides

Answer 5

Malathion
Parathion
Chlorpyrifos
Diazinon

Vx nerve gas - methylphosphonothioate

Sarin - methylphosphonofluoriolate

Question 6

O-Ps vs carbamate

Answer 6

O-Ps inhibit acetylcholinesterase irreversible. Atropine + 2-PAM. 2-PAM (pralidoxime) must give within 24-48 hs after exposure.

Carbamate -cholinesterase deactivated spontaneously, less BBB penetration, no chronic effects. 2-PAM is not necessary for carbamate poisoning.

Question 7

DUMBELS

Answer 7

Diarrhea 
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm, bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation

Question 8

Measure/test for O-Ps poisoning ?

Answer 8

RBC cholinesterase more specific

Plasma or pseudo cholinesterase more sensitive

Question 9

Carbamate pesticides poisoning medication choice?

Answer 9

Atropine.

Carbamate pesticides do not form stable bonds with the cholinesterase enzyme like the organophosphates, and 2-PAM has no effect in carbamate poisoning as its action is specific to the phosphorylated enzyme.

Question 10

Parathion poisoning, what medication to choose?

Answer 10

Both atropine and 2-PAM

• Atropine only competes with acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, does not bind to nicotinic receptors and is ineffective in treating neuromuscular dysfunction.
• Pralidoxime (2-PAM) are cholinesterase deactivating agents that are effective in treating both muscarinic and nicotinic symptoms.
• Pralidoxime should not be administered without concurrent atropine to prevent worsening symptoms due to transient oxime-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition.