Spring 2026 SUSCC Classes > IDS 102 Exam Three > Flashcards

IDS 102 Exam Three Flashcards

(64 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What did Thomas Jefferson write in 1776

A

Declaration of Independence

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2
Q

What did Jefferson read that inspired parts of the DOI

A

John Locke’s second Two Treatises of Government

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3
Q

What did Locke and Jefferson agree on

A

Everyone possessed natural human rights, including the right to own property

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4
Q

What are natural rights supposed to the grounded in

A

Self-evident truth

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5
Q

What is the self-evident truth of natural rights found in

A

“The Laws of Nature and Nature’s God” as the first sentence in the Declaration of Independence

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6
Q

What question do philosophers ask with regards to natural laws

A

How the idea of rights applies in situations in which there is no legal or political system to enforce them

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7
Q

Natural law theory

A

The basic moral law can be known by human reason

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8
Q

NLT view

A

Human rights are those things that we can validly claim because they are essential for human beings to function well

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9
Q

Who does the tradition of natural law ethics begin with

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

NLT theory of ethics

A

There are moral laws found in nature and distinguished by the use of reason

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11
Q

Aristotle’s view on NLT

A

Certain actions are right or wrong because they are suited to or go against human nature

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12
Q

Who did Aristotle have a great influence on

A

Christian philosopher and monk Thomas Aquinas

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13
Q

Who is a primary source for NLE

A

Aquinas

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14
Q

Stoics

A

We have a duty to obey the basic laws of nature, there are laws to which all people are subject, no matter what their local customs or conventions

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15
Q

Law of peoples

A

Common element existed in the codes of varius peoples

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16
Q

Cicero

A

Explained natural law in “Republic”

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17
Q

Republic by Cicero

A

Natural law transcends any time or place: it is eternal and imperishable, the same in Rome and Athens, natural law comes from God

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18
Q

Scripture

A

Medieval morality was primarily derived from scripture

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19
Q

Summa Theologica

A

Written by Aquinas, natural law shares in the eternal law

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20
Q

Hugo Crotius

A

Founders of international law, common law among nations

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21
Q

Ethical Naturalism

A

the ethical view that moral facts are identical to natural facts

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22
Q

Reason

A

the act of thinking and understanding something enough to make a judgement on it

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23
Q

Positivism

A

the idea that knowledge is derived from measurable facts

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24
Q

Social Darwinism

A

essentially means “survival of the fittest” meaning that wealthy will dominate while the poor will suffer

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25
Human Rights
Human rights are automatically granted universal rights that are given to every human regardless of status. These are considered more economically granting, protecting dignity.
26
Natural Rights
Natural rights are rights that grant freedom to every human, and are derived from nature, or God.
27
Virtue ethics
Asks how we ought to be, concerned with those traits of a character, habits, tendencies, and dispositions that make a person good
28
What does virtue ethics encourage us to do
Develop our virtues and eliminate our vices
29
What do virtuous people tend to do
Be responsive to the demands of various situations; they do the right thing, at the right time, in the right way, exhibiting a "practical wisdom"
30
Plurality
the metaethical view that multiple, fundamental moral values exist, which may conflict and are often incommensurable
31
Exellence
Virtues make us excellent, allow us to manifest into our highest potential
32
Example of virtue
Loyalty, honesty
33
Aristotle
Born in Greece, studied at Plato's Academy, tutored Alexander the Great, created the Lyceum
34
Nicomacheon Ethics
Humans should be aware of the ethical choices in a situation and choose the one that brings the most good
35
Human nature
The intrinsic characteristics distinguishing humans
36
Vir
Latin word for virtue
37
Arete
Greek term for excellence
38
Two types of virtue according to Aristotle
Intellectual and moral
39
Moral virtues
Dispose us to act well
40
Intellectual virtues
Excellences of mind, such as the ability to understand reason and judge well
41
Golden Mean
Virtue is a mean (too little courage is cowardice and too much is foolhardiness)
42
Cardinal virtues
Prudence, temperance, justice, courage
43
Proper functioning
Adhering to our human nature
44
Malala Yousafzai
Shot in the head by the Taliban for speaking out in defense of the right of girls to attend school (still alive)
45
Statistically, how many females are sexually or physically hurt
1 in 5 women will be sexually assaulted in college, 1 in 9 teenage girls will be forced to have sex, 1 in 10 teens will be hurt on purpose by someone they are dating
46
What is the problem with veiling women in Muslim cultures
Women should be free from molestation regardless of how they dress
47
Honor killing
When a woman has done something that is considered shameful, the male members of her family can kill her, 5,000 women killed every year
48
Academics for women
Currently outperforming men
49
Pay gap
Women earn 75% as much as men
50
Feminist
Whose who are concerns about the wellbeing of women while being critical of the unequal treatment and violence that afflicts women
51
Feminism
An intellectual commitment and a political movement that seeks justice for women and the end of sexism in all forms
52
Carol Gilligan
Sparked the debate about gender or sex differences in moral perspectives
53
Female moral perspective
Women possessing a completely different perspective
54
Relatedness
Women are more concerned about particular people and their relations and how hey will be affected by some action
55
Key virtues of women
Caring and compassion
56
Nel Noddings
Wrote "Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education"
57
Care ethics
How caring relationships are important from the standpoint of evolution
58
Male moral perspective
Men are more universal and impartial in reasoning what is morally good and bad
59
Key virtues of men
Impartiality and respectfulness
60
Sigmund Freud
Held that women "show less sense of justice than men that they are less ready to submit to the great demands of life" (basically women are morally inferior to men)
61
Empirical questions
a question that is answerable by collecting and analyzing real data and observations
62
Feminist care ethics
emphasizes interdependence and relationships over abstract rules.
63
Intersectionality
shows people how to understand how overlapping social identities intersect with power and oppression.
64
Femininity
Femininity are qualities that are commonly associated with women or girls (kindness, softness, compassion) 
Spring 2026 SUSCC Classes
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