IFR Study

Question 1

When should you conduct a missed approach?

Answer 1

• So NOT Visual ROFL
  1. Straight in landing no possible and circling approach not possible.
  2. Not visual at MAPT or DA.
  3. RAIM Failure or warning AFTER IAF.
  4. Outside tolerance past FAF.
  5. Failure or suspicious navaid and below MSA
  6. Loss of visual refrence during circling.

Question 2

When can you fly below LSALT?

Answer 2

• My Descent Is Very Very Very Close
  1. MSA
  2. DME/GNSS Arrival
  3. Instrument approach or holding
  4. VMC by Day
  5. Visual Approach
  6. Vectors
  7. Climb After Take-off

Question 3

When can you descent below the Straight in MDA or DA?

Answer 3

• VMC
  1. Visual reference can be maintained
  2. Minima requirements adheared to
  3. Continuously in a position where a landing can be made with normal rats of descent and manoeuvres

Question 4

What are the requirements on Circling approaches and Visual Circling?

Answer 4

• VMC, Day Obstacle, Night MDA
  1. Visibility along flight not less than specified for circling
  2. Maintain visual contact with the landing enviroment
  3. Inside circling area (consider Circling elevation table).
  4. By DAY not below the obtacle clerance of 400 ft.
  5. By NIGHT now below MDA until downwind, base or final.

Question 5

What are the visual approach requirements for IFR flights during the day and night?

Answer 5

• BY DAY
  Pilot need not commence or may discontinue IAP when:
  1. Within 30nm
  2. Clear of Cloud
  3. In sight of ground OR water
  4. VIS 5KM or AD in sight
  Maintain at an altitude not less than:
  1. CTA = 500ft above the lower limit of CTA unless clearence to leave and re-enter.
  2. 1000ft Populated & 500 ft unpopulated.
  Maintain Track/Heading on the route athorised until:
  1. Within 5NM
  ————————————————————-
• BY NIGHT
  Pilot need not commence or may discontinue IAP when:
  1. Clear of Cloud
  2. In sight of ground or water
  3. VIS 5KM
  Maintain at an altitude not less than:
  1. CTA = 500 ft above lower limit of CTA unless clearence to leave and re-enter.
  2. LSALT/MSA, DGA Step or last assigned if being vectored.
  Maintain track/heading on the route authorised until:
  1. Within the circling area OR
  2. Within 3NM and AD in sight if no IAP or not authorised to use IAP or if VFR.
  UNTIL:
  1. 5nm on PAPI or
  2. 7nm of PAPI (ILS RUNWAY) or
  3. 10nm on glideslope but not below or
  4. 14nm YSSY 16L and 34K establised not below GS and less than full scare azimuth deflection.

Question 6

What is the Take-off minima for a qualifying muti crew aeropleane?

Answer 6

• Is not a LOW VIS operation
• Cieling of 0 ft
• VIS 800 metres
• may be reduced to 550 metres
  1. IF REDL intervals not >60m and centreline lighting and has secondary power with a switchover capability of 1 sec or less
  2. if from non controlled aerodrome or aerdrome out of controller hours the take off is by day only.

Question 7

What is the maximum a Straight in NPA may be offset by?
When can the aircraft align itself with the runway centreline?

AIP ENR 1.5-6 Para 1.7.3

Answer 7

• 15 degrees for a CAT C aeroplane.
• Manoeuvring to align with the runway centreline can occur when
  ø Within the circling area
  ø Visual refrence can be maintained
  ø Continuously in sight of ground and water.

Question 8

What is the definition of “Visual Refrence”?

AIP ENR 1.5-6 Para 1.7.5 Note 2

Answer 8

Visual refrence means:
ø runway threshold or
ø approach lights or
ø other markings identifiable with the landing runway clearly visible to the pilot
ø VIS not less than that specified for the procedure.

Question 9

What is the MAP Gradient and its assosiated obstacle clearance?

AIP ENR 1.5-9 Para 1.9 Note 2

Answer 9

2.5% and 100 ft obstacle clearance.

Question 10

When conducting a missed approach, you decide to go around before the MAPT, what must you do?

AIP ENR 1.5-10 Para 1.9.2

Answer 10

• Fly the aircraft to the MAPT and then follow the missed approach procedure.

Question 11

When conducting a missed approach from visual cirlcing approach what are the expectation from the pilot?

AIP ENR 1.5-10 Para 1.9.3

Answer 11

• Expected to make an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway and overhead the aerodrome where the pilot will establish the aircraft climbing on the missed approach track.

Question 12

What are the speed procedures for CAT C aircraft? What are company specific speeds?

AIP ENR 1.5-16 Para 1.15 Handling Speeds.
FCOM Ch3 3.17.12 Approach Speeds

Answer 12

ø AIP SPEEDS
* VAT - 121 to 140
* Initial & Intermediate Approach - 160 to 240
* Final Approach - 115 to 160
* Max Circling - 180
* Max MAP - 240

ø COMPANY SPEEDS
* Initial & Intermediate Approach - 160 to 200
* Final Approach - VFA + 10 to 160
* Circling - 160 to 180
* MAP - VREF + 10 to VENR + 10

Question 13

On a reversal procedure without a FAF, when should the final approach speed be obtained? When can a speed reduction below the Initial segment speed range be permitted?

AIP ENR 1.5-16 Para 1.15.1 Note 1 & Note 2

Answer 13

• Final approach speed should be obtained before descending on the inbound track.
• Reduction is permitted to enable the final approach speed to be achieved prior to the commencement of the final segment

Question 14

Holding Procedures:
1. What is the standard holding pattern?
2. Limitation: Max speed? Outbound timing? Time/Distance outbound? Turns?
3. Holding pattern entry?

AIP ENR 1.5 - 3.0 Holding Procedures.
Page ENR 1.5 - 27

Answer 14

1. Right turn holding pattern.
2. • IAS must not exceed 230 up to and including FL140, Above FL140 up to and including FL200 240 kts max and above FL200 max 265 kts.
   • Outbound timing begins abeam the fix or attaining the outbound heading whichever comes later.
   • Outbound leg must be no longer than up to and including FL140 1 minutes or distance specified on chart. Above FL140 1.5 minutes or the time or distance specified on the chart.
   • Turns in nil wind should be at a bank angle of 25 degrees or rate 1 whichever requires lesser bank.
   • Wind allowance should be made in heading and timing to compensate for the effects of wind to ensure the inbound track is regained.
3. • Sector 1 entry (parallel entry):
     on reaching fix aircraft is turned onto the outbound heading tracking along the inbound track and then when requirements are met for time or distance, aircraft is then turn onto the holding side to intercept the inbound track and then once passing the fix again the airctaft enters the hold.

• Sector 2 (offset entry):
  On reaching the holding fix the aircraft is turned onto a heading to make good a track that is 30 degrees from the reciprocal of the inbound track on the holding side, it is flown outbound for the appropriate period of time or distance from the fix and then is turned towards teh intercept for the inbound track.
• Sector 3 (direct entry):
  On reaching the holding fix the aircraft is turned to follow the holding pattern.

Question 15

Reversal Procedures:
1. What are the 3 types of reversal procedures?
2. Entry into a reversal procedure?

AIP ENR 1.5 - 2.8 Reversal Procedures.
Page ENR 1.5 - 25

Answer 15

1. • 45/180 = Consists of an outbound track which is flown for a specified time of 1 to 3 minutes, then the aircraft turns 45 degrees away from the outbound track for 1 minutes 15 seconds for CAT C aircraft and then the aircraft turns back in the oppisite direction to intercept the inbound track.
   • 80/260 = Aircraft flys outbound track and timing of 1 - 3 minutes outbound, then the aircraft turns 80 degrees away from the outbound track which is then followed by a turn of 260 degrees in the oppisite direction to reintercept the inbound track.
   • Base Turn = aircraft flys a specific outbound track and timing/DME distance which is then followed by a turn to intercept the inboud track.
2. Must be entered from a track within +/- 30 degrees of the outbound track of the reversal procedure, BUT for BASE TURNS where the +/- 30 degrees direct entry sector does not include the reciprocal of the inbound track the entry sector is expanded to include it.

If entry is required from outside these limits, manoeuvring to establish the aircraft onto the outbound track must be made in accordance with the entry procedures assosicated with holding patterns.

Question 16

DME ARCS:
1. When must a DME arc be join at or before?

AIP ENR 1.5 - 2.9 DME Arcs.
Page ENR 1.5 - 27

Answer 16

1. DME arcs must be joined at or before an IAF and at an altitude not below the relevant MSA or the appropriate sector DME arrival step.

Question 17

What are the circling areas for Cat C?

AIP ENR 1.6 Circling Approaches & Visual Circling
Page ENR 1.5 - 4.

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the minimum obstacle clearance for Cat C circling area?

AIP ENR 1.6 Circling Approaches & Visual Circling.
Page ENR 1.5 - 5.

Answer 18

400 ft.

Question 19

What does Established mean on ILS, VOR, GNSS, NDB & DME arc?

AIP ENR 1.5

Answer 19

ILS, VOR, GNSS = Half scale defelction.
NDB = +/- 2NM
DME arc +/- 2NM.