Illness

Question 1

How do you define disease?

Answer 1

An objective state of ill health → pathological process

Question 2

How is illness defined?

Answer 2

Subjective experience of loss of health

Question 3

How is health defined?

Answer 3

Objective process characterized by functional stability, balance and integrity (whole body)

Question 4

Is wellness a subjective or objective experience?

Answer 4

Subjective

Question 5

What does the health continuum look like?

Answer 5

Death ← illness → normal health → good health → high-level wellness

Question 6

Define acute illness

Answer 6

Characterized by sudden onset
Symptoms short duration
Symptoms appear suddenly and less quickly
May or may not require a medical intervention
Some can be serious ex. Appendicitis , others can subside with the use of over-the-counter medication’s ex. Colds

Most returned to prior level of wellness

Question 7

What is chronic illness?

Answer 7

Characterized by uncertain ethology (cause)
Multiple risk factors
Slow onset
Illness one lives with over their lifespan

Can I have periods of exacerbation → where symptoms get worse EX. Flare up
Can have periods of remission → disease is still present, but symptoms may disappear or subside

Patient may need to learn how to live with physical challenges and discomfort

Question 8

Do you experience more chronic illnesses as you get older?

Answer 8

. Yes → older people have more chronic conditions

Question 9

What is comorbidity of chronic illnesses?

Answer 9

Two or more chronic illnesses that are not related to each other → ex. Heart disease and arthritis

Question 11

What is multi morbidity of chronic illnesses?

Answer 11

Simultaneous occur occurrence of multiple (2 - 5 + ) chronic illnesses
May or may not be related to each other

Question 12

Define risk factors

Answer 12

Something that increases a person’s chance for illness or injury

Question 13

Define modifiable risk factor

Answer 13

Factors that can change like quoting smoking, or decrease their impact

Question 14

What are non-modifiable risk factors?

Answer 14

Factors that are unable to be changed → ex genetics, family history of cancer

Question 15

As a number of risk factors increases so does the possibility of?

Answer 15

Illness → ↑risk factors = ↑ risk of illness

Question 16

What are the three factors of the effects of illness on family?

Answer 16

1. The family member who is ill.
2. Seriousness / length of illness.
3. cultural/social customs the family follows. → affects how they may think about illness and how they view the sick person.

Question 17

What impacts can illness have on families? (7)

Answer 17

1. role change changes.
2. Task care assignments
3. increased stress → anxiety or anger about outcome of disease.
4. Financial problems. Ex. If drug therapies or physiotherapist… Are involved (private services…)
5. Loss of time → time taken away for a follow up visit, visits to doctors and clinics
6. Loneliness or withdrawal → separation or impending loss of loved one
7. Change in social customs

Question 18

What is the first stage of illness?

Answer 18

Symptom experience → person recognizes one or more symptoms that are incompatible with their personal definition of health (notice symptom they ø have before)

If symptoms not resolved, go onto next stage

Question 19

What is stage two of illness behaviors?

Answer 19

Assumption of sick roll → person now defines themselves as being sick

Question 20

What is stage three of illness behaviors?

Answer 20

Medical care contact → when help from doctor is sought, they become a client.

Question 21

What is stage five of illness behaviours?

Answer 21

Dependent client role → client decides to accept the diagnosis and follow prescribed treatment plan

Question 22

What is stage five of illness behaviours?

Answer 22

Recovery/rehabilitation (if applicable.)

Question 23

What is the goal of rehabilitation?

Answer 23

Restore ability to function
Help people live as independently as possible and participate in activities of daily living
Goal is to go back to baseline or as close as possible to it. (Regain as much autonomy as possible)

Question 24

What is convalescence?

Answer 24

Period of time where patient recovers from illness, injury, or surgery

Time between subsidence of disease and complete restoration to health

Question 25

Which of the following are characteristics of chronic illness? Select two. A) It has reversible pathological changes B) It has consistent predictable clinical course C) It results in a permanent deviation from baseline D) It always starts with an acute illness and then progresses slow slowly E) It is associated with many stable and unstable phases

Answer 25

C and E

Question 26

A client states that heart disease runs in there family, and that their blood pressure has been high. The nurse determines that this is an example of the clients? A) Health beliefs B) Active strategy C) Negative health behaviour D) Risk factors

Answer 26

D→ risk factors = anything that ↑ vulnerability of someone or group of people to an illness or injury

Question 27

Select the modifiable risk factor for developing chronic illness A) Activity level and sex B) smoking, and weight C) air, pollution, and occupation D) Age and genetic background

Answer 27

B → can change smoking habits, can work on weight

Question 28

Which of the following describe describes acute illness? A) sudden an onset B) Severity of condition C) fetal outcome D) Need for medication

Answer 28

As sudden onset

Question 29

Which of the following is an acute illness? Emphysema Influenza Diabetes Hypertension

Answer 29

Influenza Emphysema =COPD (chronic illness like the others)

Question 30

Which of the following individual appears to have taken on the sick roll? An obese client states I deserve to have a heart attack A man with low back pain states I’ve missed several physical therapy appointment A mother is ill and says I won’t be able to make lunch today An elderly client states my horoscope says I will be well again

Answer 30

C → except from social obligations

Question 31

What is the sick role?

Answer 31

Framework of medical sociology, describing socially acceptable behaviors, rights, and obligations of someone who is ill Temporarily exempts people from normal social obligations like worker school while requiring them to seek medical help and actively try to recover