Barium enema showing diverticular disease
Barium enema of “lead pipe colon”
Loss of haustral marking characteristic of UC
Apple core colon
Characteristic of colorectal carcinoma
AXR showing pneumoperitoneum
air under diaphragm caused by perforation or surgery
normal axr
small bowel is central and have valvulae conniventes - lines crossing full width of bowel
Large bowel is more peripheral, mottled appearance due to faeces and gas content, haustra that do not cross whole width
Small bowel obstruction
- centrally located loops of air filled bowel
valvulae conniventes confirm it’s small bowel
Large bowel obstruction
- dilatation more than 9cm caecum or more than 6cm rest of colon
- if no gas has reached rectum then complete obstruction
Coffee bean sign - sigmoid volvulus
twisted on mesentey in LIF
proximal bowel also dilated
BHL
Sarcoidosis, malignancy, TB
Ask about joint pain, cough
Consolidation
opacification with air bronchograms
e.g cancer, pneumonia, haemorrhage, edema
Pleural plaques
- pleural thickening from chronic asbestos exposure
20-30 years after, benign, no follow up needed
Pneumothorax
- loss of lung markings
Tension pneumothorax
- mediastinal shift
- loss of lung markings
Pleural effusion
- homogenous opacity
- meniscus
- blunting of costophrenic angles
- loss of cardiac border and hemidiaphragm
Right Middle Lobe consolidation
- horizontal fissure visibile above
- right heart border obscured
Right upper lobe collapse
- opacity
- medistinal shift towards that side
Hyperinflation
- flattened hemidiaphragms
- blunt costophrenic angles
- distorted lung markings
Heart Failure
- cardiomegaly
- vessel enlargement
- pulmonary edema
- Kerley B lines
- pleural effusion
(- prosthetic valves)
LVA
- enlargement of LV/left border
- circular calcification
Pulmonary edema
- bat wing
- Kerley B lines
- pulmonary vein engorgement
+- pleural effusions
+- heart failure
Cobblestone appearance of colon
characteristic of Crohns
Kantours string sign
- bowel narowing characetristic of Crohns disease
