1
Q
What is a KUB? Used for? Pros?
A
- kidney, ureter and bladder: plain frontal supine radiograph of the abdomen
- used to help ID stones (can see stones that are 4 mm and larger)
- helps to assess constipation in ped pts
- Also can look at platelet of stents
- inexpensive
2
Q
What is an IVP? Used for?
A
- xray done with IV contrast to look at kidneys, ureters and bladder
- used for:
abdominal injury
bladder and kidney infections
hematuria
flank pain
tumors
3
Q
Risk of IVP?
A
- allergic rxn
- pt will have to void b/f and after study
- a series of images will be taken at various times to look at filtration
- CT IVP has replaced traditional IVP
4
Q
Diff US used in urology?
A
- renal
- prostate
- scrotal
5
Q
Use of renal US?
A
- size of kidneys
- signs of injury to kidneys
- abnormalities present at birth
- presence of blockage or kidney stones
- complications of UTI
- cysts or tumors
6
Q
Use of scrotal US?
A
- look at size of testicles
- to eval mass or lump (cystic vs solid) (see hydrocele, vericocele - use doppler)
- find reason for pain if PE was normal
- look at blood flow to testicles
- look for location of undescended testis
7
Q
Use of prostate US?
A
- called trans-rectal US (TRUS)
- detect disorders w/in prostate
- measure the prostate
- help distinguish cause of man’s infertility (ejac duct problem?)
- eval prostate nodules: needle bx
- placement of needles for radiation
8
Q
What is a VCUG?
A
- an xray study of bladder using fluoroscopy and contrast material
- used to check for vesicoureteral reflux after a UTI
also used for: - bladder obstruction
- abnormal urinatrion w/ very high pressure w/in bladder
- incomplete bladder emptying
- done mainly in kids who have recurrent bladder infections or pyelonephritis, feverish UTI
9
Q
What is a RUG? Used for what?
A
- retrograde urethrogram
- more commonly used in male pts
- helps dx urethral pathology from trauma or urethral strictures
- done for pre and post-op reconstruction of the urethra
- can help ID urethral diverticulum and fistulas
10
Q
If pt presents to ER from trauma and see blood at meatus what should you think? How would you dx?
A
- urethral tear
- use RUG
11
Q
Use of CT for dx renal stones?
A
- no contrast dye is used
- Gold std to detect stones
- detects all types of stones: even uric acid stones - (if you did KUB first saw nothing - know it’s uric acid)
- gives the exacty shape, size, and location of stone (only painful when in ureter)
12
Q
Drawbacks to using CT scan for dx renal stones?
A
- radiation exposure
- cost
13
Q
Use of IVP CT scan?
A
- use IV contrast dy
- eval collecting system, ureters, and bladder
- used for causes of hematuria
- ID renal tumors better than CT w/o contrast
14
Q
Drawbacks to IVP CT?
A
- radiation exposure
- cost
- allergy to contrast dyes
- renal disease
15
Q
Use of radionuclide imaging?
A
- renal scan: use 2 diff radiopharm: DTPA, MAG3
- looks at blood supply, fxn, and excretion of urine from kidney
- used mainly by urologist to eval hydronephrosis - UPJ obstruction? Is kidney repairable?
16
Q
benefits and risks of radionuclide imaging?
A
- benefits: provides info unattainable by other imaging, helps with dx and management - risks: low radiation exposure allergic rxns
17
Q
Use of MRI for eval of prostate?
A
- used mainly for prostate cancer
- helps determine extent of spread of cancer - has it spread outside of the capsule?
- helps in planning radiotherapy for prostate cancer
