immediate system

Question 1

During exercise, demand for ATP increases up to ………-fold
compared to rest

how does our body know that atp should be synthsis

• ATP concentration does not change appreciably

what this mea

Answer 1

100 folds

Question 2

Question: If [ATP] does not change much during exercise, how
does the muscle cell “know” to activate pathways to
resynthesize ATP?

Answer 2

atp only declines if you are going 250% of your vo2 max

other moleules in your body go up and addapte

amp goes up

inorganic phosphate go up

increase adp goes up

the decline of atp itself is not a triggering sytem

Question 3

Signals to match ATP demand with ATP
synthesis

Answer 3

when calcium is up

Metabolites
* [ADP], [AMP], [Pi], [H +
-during muscle contraction

Mitochondrial reduction/oxidation state
* [NAD+] / [NADH] ratio

goes up

nad is like cargo system and delivers itz goods/elctrons to nadh

if nad is a lot you need to make more atp to give to the nad to carry

Question 4

3 types of energy

Answer 4

Immediate / phosphagen / alactic
* Adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine

• Glycolytic / lactic
• Glycogenolysis and glycolysis
• Lactate production
• Oxidative / aerobic
• Different sources (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, lactate)
• Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

Immediate system

3 energy pathways

Answer 5

stored atp and pcr

Stored ATP
* ATP

• Phosphocreatine
• PCr + ADP + H + → ATP + Cr
• Adenylate kinase
• ADP + ADP → ATP + AMP
  -intensidy supper high

Question 6

Creatine kinase

Answer 6

PCr + ADP + H+ → ATP + Cr
cretine kinase enzyme cause the accleration of the break down

First line of defense; ATP buffer
* We have ~90 mmol/kg dry muscle (PCr)

we have more pcr then atp to make sure there is no problome with atp resynthsis

not going to ask about numbers

• We have ~25 mmol/kg dry muscle (ATP)
• More PCr is to maintain the homeostasis
  of ATP

Activated by:
* Increase in [ADP]
* Decrease in [ATP

Question 7

Adenylate kinase

Answer 7

ADP + ADP → ATP + AMP
-amp unstible and body dosent like it cause you lose the building block of atp
by this path way
* AMP + H + → IMP + NH4+
* Quantitatively insignificant source of ATP during
exercise
* Occurs during VERY high-intensity exercise
* Removes adenine nucleotides from pool
* Increases recovery time
Adenylate Kinase (ADK)

hard to recover

Question 8

ATP-PCr system

Answer 8

ATP-PCr system can act in the presence of oxygen but does not need
oxygen

During the first few second of exercise:
* ATP is maintained but PCr decreases

• However, at exhaustion:
• Both ATP and PCr decrease
• At exhaustion: the decline in ATP and PCr prevents further muscle
  contractions
• A combination of stored ATP and PCr can sustain the muscles’ energy for
  ~ 3 to 15 s. Beyond that time, other energy systems should be activated.

Question 9

how nmuch atp is to much

Answer 9

Rate Limiting Enzyme (RLE): enzymes contributing to the control of the rate of a reaction
 RLE is usually located in an early step of a pathway
 The activity is RLE depends on accumulation of substrate further down the pathway