Immune

Question 1

Define Titer

Answer 1

1. A blood test to detect antibodies against a SPECIFIC disease

Rationale: A titer will test for antibodies present in your blood to a specific disease. You could have antibodies from previous illness or from a vaccine.

Question 2

A HIV positive patient is considered AIDS positive when CD4 cells reach what level?

Answer 2

Below 200

Question 3

What are the effects of histamine on the body?

Answer 3

• Vasodilation: This increases blood flow to the area
• Increased vascular permeability: To allow for movement of other cells and fluids into the point of injury

*Think swelling!

Question 4

What is the acronym to help you remember the localized CM seen with the inflammatory response?

Answer 4

H: Heat
E: Edema
L: Loss of Function
P: Pain
R: Redness

Question 5

A type IV hypersensitivity disorder is mediated by

Answer 5

• T cells
• Rationale: This is the only hypersensitivity disorder that is not mediated by an antibody. This is the DELAYED reaction.
• T cells Take Time!

Question 6

Your patient presents with a butterfly rash on their face and joint pain. Which hypersensitivity disorder do you suspect they are suffering from?

Answer 6

• Type III
• Rationale: These are symptoms of SLE which is a type III hypersensitivity disorder. This disorder is caused by the circulating complexes in the blood stream attacking different areas of the body

Question 7

SATA Test Taking Tips

Answer 7

SATA Pyramid
https://youtu.be/leiYSBZj-vU

Registered Nurse RN
https://youtu.be/ST8fTSldAEM

Question 8

Which clinical manifestations would you expect to see in a patient experiencing systemic anaphylaxis? SATA

1. Hypertension
2. Bronchodilation
3. N/V
4. Constipation
5. Hives/Itching
6. Skin erythema

Answer 8

• 3,5,6
• Skin: hives, pruitis, erythema
• Respiratory: Bronchospasms, laryngeal edema (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS!)
• GI: N/V, diarrhea
• Cardiovascular: HYPOtension, shock
• Clinical manifestations for systemic anaphylaxis can be broken down by body system

Question 9

Possible causes of secondary immunodeficiency disorders include… SATA

1. Genetic Disorders
2. Pregnancy
3. Chemotherapy Medications
4. Chronic Alcoholism

Answer 9

-Answer: 2,3,4
-Rationale:Possible causes include:
Normal physiologic changes
-Pregnancy
-Older age
-Infancy
Medications
Malnutrition
- Alcoholism or Drug Use
Illness

Question 10

What is the cause of a primary immunodeficiency disorder?

What age group will these disorders present in primarily?

Answer 10

• Genetics

- Childhood

Question 11

What will your most common CM be for a primary immunodeficiency disorder?

*Hint: There are 2

Answer 11

• Severe infections requiring recurrent admissions to hospital
• Failure to thrive or poor growth in newborns

Question 12

T/F: Testing for HIV too early could lead to a false negative.

Answer 12

True

Rationale: Sequence testing must be done at 3wk, 6wk, and 3 months to avoid false negatives found during the “window period”

Question 13

What is the name of the test done to detect HIV antigens?

Answer 13

Western Blot

Question 14

What are the functions of the inflammatory response? SATA

1. Contain the amount of injury
2. Protect the host from pain
3. Neutralize and dilute pathogenic agent
4. Establish an environment for healing

Answer 14

• 1,3,4
• Rationale: The inflammatory response functions to contain the amount of injury, to dilute and neutralize the foreign agent, and to establish an environment for healing.
• Inflammation often causes pain depending on where it is located.

Question 15

Priority Questions: Test Taking Tips

Answer 15

• Safety First!
• ABCs
• Least Invasive First!

*Always consider what will kill your patient first and address that! Very rarely will you do nothing.

Question 16

What are our two PRIORITY concerns for a patient experiencing a Type 1 Systemic Anaphylactic Reaction?

Answer 16

• Respiratory Distress
• Hypotensive Shock

*remember this is happening within minutes of exposure to trigger so you have to act fast! This is emergent.

Question 17

What is our primary nursing consideration for an AIDS patient?

Answer 17

Infections
-Rationale: An AIDS patient has a CD4 count of less than 200 and is therefore severely immunocompromised. What might be a mild infection for us could easily be FATAL for them.