Describe how a virus works
- Adsorption, The virus attaches to its host cell by specific binding of its spikes to cell receptors
- Penetration, the virus is engulfed into a vesicle and its envelope is ….
- uncoated, thereby freeing the viral RNA into the cell cytoplasm
- Synthesis: Replication and Protein Production, under the control of viral genes, the cell synthesizes the basic components of new viruses: RNA molecules, capsomers, spikes
- Assembly. Viral spike proteins are inserted into the cell membrane for the viral envelope: nucleocapsid is formed from RNA and capsomers
- Release, Enveloped viruses bud off of the membrane, carrying away an envelope with the spikes. This complete virus is ready to infect another cell.
What is the first line of defense? Give examples
Nonspecific: Physical barrier, chemical, genetic
Skin, Mucous membranes, Lysozyme, acidic environment, specificity of viruses
What is the second line of defense? Give examples
Nonspecific=innate immune system
key players: inflammatory response, phagocytosis, complement, interferons, cytokines
What is the third line of defense? Give examples
Specific=adaptive/acquired immune system
key players: antibodies, T cell, B cells, Accessory cells, cytokines
Describe what the innate immune system does(nonspecific)
Acts sooner than specific response, responses are broad spectrum, no memory of lasting protective immunity
PAMPS
pathogen associated molecular patterns, found on pathogens
DAMPs
damage associated molecular patters
cell components that are released during cell damage or death
PRRs
pattern recognition receptors; identify PAMPs and DAMPs
found on particular immune cells (phagocytic cells)
What can be a cytokine?
Inferon(IFN), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), interleukin (IL)
What produces fever?
Pyrogen
