Immunisation and Prophylaxis

Question 1

What is immunisation and who gets immunised?

Answer 1

Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.

Given to:
Children
Occupational exposure
Special groups

Question 2

Who is given prophylaxis

Answer 2

Given to:
Travelers
Post-exposure
Surgical

Question 3

what types of vaccine are available

Answer 3

• Live attenuated
• Inactivated
• Detoxified exotoxin
• Sub-unit of a micro-organism

Question 4

How do sub-unit vaccines work?

Answer 4

1- Part of DNA which is responsible for coding for HB is removed, purified and mixed with plasmids
2- This is inserted into yeasts
3- They are fermented
4- The antigens are produced

Question 5

Vaccination programmes In children

Answer 5

2 months:
6 in 1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + rotavirus + men B

3 months:
6 in 1 vaccine + rotavirus

4 months:
6 in 1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + Men B

1 year:
Men C + MMR + men B + pneumococcal conjugate

2-8 years: influenza nasal

3-5 years: 4 in 1 booster + MMR

Girls 12-13: HPV

14 years: 3 in 1 booster + men ACWY

Question 6

what is contained in the 6 in 1 vaccine

Answer 6

• diphtheria
• tetanus
• bordatella pertussis
• Polio
• Haemophilius influenza
• Hep B

Question 7

what is herd immunity?

Answer 7

when 90-95% of the population is vaccinated so there is a small chance of people who are not vaccinated from becoming infected

Question 8

What are extra vaccines available for specific groups?

Answer 8

• BCG
• Influenza
• Pneumococcal
• Hep B
• Herpes Zooster
• Varicella Zooster

Question 9

who gets the BCG vaccine?

Answer 9

• some infants 0-12 months
• some children screened at school with high TB factors
• immigrants entering the country from high TB risk zones
• Healthcare workers

Question 10

who gets Hep B vaccine

Answer 10

• all infants since 2018 at 0,1,2 months and 1 year

- some healthcare workers

Question 11

who gets the varicella booster vaccine?

Answer 11

• Patients who are immunosuppressed

- children who are exposed to high risk HZV

Question 12

Passive immunisation vaccinations

Answer 12

1- Human normal immunoglobulin

2- Disease specific immunoglobulins

Question 13

What is the chemoprophylaxis available against malaria?

Answer 13

1- Malarone: daily
2- Doxycycline: daily
3- Mefloquinine: weekly
4- Chloroquinine + proquanil : daily

Question 14

what are some of the side effects of doxycycline?

Answer 14

Photosensitivity

Question 15

What are some of the side effects of mefloquine?

Answer 15

psychosis

nightmares

Question 16

what are the main examples of a detoxified exotoxin vaccine?

Answer 16

Diphteria

Tetanus

Question 17

what are the main examples of sub-unit of a micro-organism drugs?

Answer 17

• Pertussis
• Heamophilium influenzae B
• Meningococcus

Question 18

examples of live attenuated vaccines

Answer 18

• MMR
• BCG
• Varicella Zooster
• Yellow fever
• small pox
• Typhoid (oral)
• Polio (oral)
• rotavirus (oral)

Question 19

examples of inactivated vaccine

Answer 19

• Polio
• Hep A
• Cholera
• Rabies
• Jap B