Immunity

Question 1

Mast cell function

Answer 1

chemical release of granules, recognize PAMPs, parasitic response, recruit immune cells

Question 2

Granulocytes?

Answer 2

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 3

first responders, bacterial infection, immature (bands)/mature (segs), early inflammation

Answer 3

neutrophils

Question 4

parasites, phagocytes, mediators (break down histamine to control inflammation)

Answer 4

eosinophils

Question 5

allergies, granules have interleukins to recruit B and T cells

Answer 5

basophils

Question 6

monocytes -> macrophages, activated at inflammation site, phagocytes

Answer 6

macrophages

Question 7

goal of complement system

Answer 7

-chemotaxis
-anaphylatoxins
-opsonization
-MAC

Question 8

Leukocyte migration and diapedesis

Answer 8

-production of adhesion molecules
-margination- flattening to adhere better
-diapedesis- cells move out of blood to surrounding tissue

Question 9

chemical signaling from leukocyte to call other cells to affected area. uses molecules the cell binds to with receptor. chemical gradient.

Answer 9

chemotaxis

Question 10

steps of phagocytosis

Answer 10

-opsonization: recognition and adherence
-engulfment: phagosome forms
-phagolysosome
-destruction

Question 11

antibody in secretions, first line of defense, breast milk

Answer 11

IgA

Question 12

antibody that’s most abundant, secondary response, crosses placenta

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

antibody in parasitic infections, allergies, bound to mast cells and basophils

Answer 13

IgE

Question 14

first responder antibody in primary response, activates complement system

Answer 14

IgM

Question 15

goal of humoral immunity

Answer 15

eliminate extracellular pathogens

Question 16

pathway of humoral

Answer 16

APC engulfs pathogen->presents MHC II->CD4 binds->CD4 releases cytokines->activates B cells into plasma cells ->secrete IgM and IgG

Question 17

goal of cell-mediated immunity

Answer 17

eliminate intracellular pathogens

Question 18

pathway of cell-mediated

Answer 18

infected cells presents MHC I->CD8 binds MHC I -> secretes perforin and granzymes to kill

Question 19

initial exposure, IgM>IgG, immune system primed

Answer 19

primary immune response

Question 20

more rapid, more antibodies, IgG>IgM, memory cells

Answer 20

secondary immune response

Question 21

newborn immune function

Answer 21

-poorly developed
-IgG response, no secondary
-5-6 months greatest risk

Question 22

aging immune function

Answer 22

-less T cell activity
-less production of antibodies
-less circulating memory B cells
-more antigen-antibody complexes
-more autoantibodies

Question 23

immediate, allergies, anaphylaxis, IgE mediated

Answer 23

hypersensitivity type I

Question 24

antigen-antibody complex binds to host cell for destruction, autoimmune, complement system, transfusion reaction, myasthenia gravis

Answer 24

hypersensitivity type II cell specific

Question 25

immune complexes deposited into tissues and triggers complement system, lupus, arthritis

Answer 25

hypersensitivity type III immune-complex mediated

Question 26

no antibody involved, T cell mediated, uses CD4 for cytokines and direct killing with CD8, tuberculosis skin test, poison ivy

Answer 26

hypersensitivity type IV T cell mediated/delayed

Question 27

insoluble (lipid bilayer) clumping when antigen meets antibody (blood typing)

Answer 27

agglutination

Question 28

soluble antigen-antibody complexes form and settle out (into insoluble) (serum testing)

Answer 28

precipitation

Question 29

role of placenta and breast milk for fetus immune system?

Answer 29

placenta: provides IgG antibodies breast milk: provides IgA antibodies

Question 30

inactivates or blocks the binding of an antigen to a receptor

Answer 30

neutralization

Question 31

B antigens, anti-A

Answer 31

B type blood

Question 32

A antigens, anti-B

Answer 32

A type blood

Question 33

no antigens, anti-A and B

Answer 33

O type blood

Question 34

A and B antigens, no antibodies

Answer 34

AB type blood