Complications of communicable disease have decreased due to what?
Use of antibiotics and antitoxins
Incidences of communicable diseases have declined with increased us of?
Immunizations
What is the primary prevention of the disease?
Immunization
What are the three ways to control the spread of a disease?
- Reducing the risk of transmission of organisms
- Infection-control policies
- Hand washing
These five certain groups of children are at risk for serious complications.
- Those receiving steroid or immunosuppressive therapy
- Those with generalized malignancies
- Those with an immunologic disorder
- Infants younger than 1 year
- Children with hemolytic disease
What are the three ways to have natural immunity?
- Inflammatory response
- Physical barriers
- WBC, histamin, prostaglandins
Natural immunity can be described as?
Nonspecific response to any foreign invader
What are the two types of acquired immunity?
Specific against a foreign antigen
What are the two types of acquired immunity?
Active and passive
How is active immunity described?
Introduce antigen into body and allowing the immunity to develop
What are the two ways to acquire active immunity?
Vaccine and exposure to pathogen
How is passive immunity described?
Injection of antibodies produced by another host
What are the two ways to acquire passive immunity?
Immunoglobulins and mother to infant
Other than genetic factors, age and gender, and history of immunizations- what are the variables that affect immune function?
- Nutrition
- Emotional/physical comorbidities
- Surgeries and trauna
- Allergies
- Medications
- Psychoneuroimmunologic factors
What is a life-threatening response to vaccines?
Anaphylaxis
What are the three responses to vaccines?
- Local reaction
- Systemic reaction
- Local allergic reactions
What may adults need to ensure that their childhood vaccines are still in their system?
Titers and boosters
What kind of immunity decreases in children as they get older?
Transplacental immunity
How often is the immunization schedule updated?
Annually
When should a doctor assess their patients immunization status?
At every visit
How is the immunization schedule organized?
By specific ages and intervals
What are the five contraindications of immunizations?
- Acute illness with high fever
- Hypersensitivity reaction
- Recent immunoglobulin therapy
- Cancer treatments
- Pregnancy
What types of doubts and concerns to patients tend to have about vaccines?
- Overloading immune system at a young age
- Doubt about efficacy
- Fear of side effects
- Previous negative vaccine reactions in family members and friends
- Lack of confidence in immunization recommendation
What beliefs need to be addressed to acquire informed consent about immunizations?
- Herd immunity
- Belief that vaccines compromise the immune system.
