immunity

Question 1

phagocytosis

Answer 1

• phagocyte recognises and engulfs pathogen
• lysozymes containing enzymes move towards pathogen and enzymes break down pathogen and useful materials are absorbed
• waste products removed from phagocyte

Question 2

lymphocytes

Answer 2

• detects pathogen
• lymphocyte releases many different types of antibody
• correct antibody connects to the pathogens antigen
• lymphocyte releases large number of correct antibody
• pathogens either clump together resulting in death or antibodies trigger phagocytes, some pathogens can even burst
• some antibodies are specialised to combat toxins- anti-toxins
• lymphocyte produces memory cells

Question 3

vaccinations

Answer 3

• body given vaccine
• initial exposure to antigen- antibody concentration is lower
• second exposure to antigen- antibody concentration is higher and faster