function of immune system
defend the body against from infectious disease, tissue repair, and potential pathogens
Outline mechanisms the gymnast’s body uses in response to damage from a fall off the beam. (5)
Physical: epithelial lining, mucosal secretion
chemical: low ph of stomach acid
leucoytes: white blood cells which fight dieseases
inflamation
clotting
antibidodies
Identify one effect on the immune system of training for a marathon.
Decrease in innate and adaptive functions: due to higher level of cortisol and lower leukocyte count
Discuss how exercise affects susceptibility to infectious disease in a highly-trained athlete. (5)
-Relationship is a J curve
-Highly trained atheltes are more likely to be sick than sedentary people
- trained have a lower leucocytes count due to constant stress
- trained have higher exposure to airborne pathogens due to increased breathing rates
- trained experience more inflamation by muscle damage
- some training does epxerience less sickness
Outline strategies a marathon runner could use to reduce the risk of infection. (3)
- sufficient rest
- maintain good diet with variety of minerals
- maintain good oral hygiene
