Active vaccine
Through injection to make immune system react defensively: PROTECTION PRODUCED BY THE PERSON’S OWN IMMUNE SYSTEM
Passive vaccine
Injecting blood from an actively immunized person or animal
-can be given after an individual has been exposed to a disease to prevent the disease from developing
Vaccine Types (4 types)
- ) attenuated (live)
- ) inactivated (killed)
- ) conjugate
- ) toxoid
Attenuated Vaccines - traits, examples, limitations
- weakened form of the whole germ that causes disease
- strong, long lasting immunity response
- examples: MMR, Flu mist, Rotavirus, Varicella (chickenpox)
- limitations: do not give immunocompromised, storage (refrigeration), do not give pregnant, can cause mild infections, symptoms, but no disease.
Inactivated vaccines - traits, examples, limitations
killed version of the germ that causes a disease
-examples: hep A, Flu, Polio, rabies
Limitations: immunity not as strong as live vaccines, may need several doses, booster
subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, conjugate vaccine - traits, example, limitations
specific pieces of the germ inserted into the patient (injection or oral)
- protein, sugars, capsid of the causative bug
- very strong immune response
- can give to immunocompromised
- limitations: may need booster
- example: Hib, hep B, HPV, Pertussis, Pneumococcal, Meningococcal
toxoid vaccine- traits, limitations, examples
use a targeted toxin
examples: Diptheria, Tetanus
limitations: may need booster, (tetanus booster every ten years or with dirty wound infection)
Passive Immunity- traits, example, limitations
person is given antibodies to a disease
- example: natural: mom to baby in breastfeeding or utero via the placenta
artificial: antibodies themselves are injected into the patient - limitations: last only for a few weeks or months, antibodies difficult and costly to produce
adults over 50 recommended vaccines
- flu shot annually
- tetanus every ten years
- herpes zoster or varicella vaccine age 65
- Pneumococcal age 65
- pneumococcal polysaccharide (ppsv23)
vaccine safety (tracking)
- safe and effective
- years of safety testing
- monitored after recommendation
tracking: VAERS, VSD, PRISM, CISA
safety- do vaccines cause or trigger autism, diabetes and asthma?
no- research has not substantiated these allegations
immunization: adverse reactions
local: redness, swelling
systemic: fever, syncope (loss of consciousness or fainting)
allergic: anaphylaxis
management of adverse reactions
local: cold compress
systemic: acetaminophen
serious: manage anaphylaxis- epi, O2, antihistamines, steroids
REPORT!
contraindications to vaccines
- prior anaphylactic reaction
- serious reaction (encephalopathy) after DTap
- Hypersensitivity to yeast (hep B)
- history of intussusception (obstruction of the intestine) Rotavirus
- NO LIVE VACCINES IF IMMUNOCOMPROMISED OR PREGNANT
- moderate or sever illness
- egg allergy- if only developed a mild reaction (rash) to the vaccine last time the vaccine is still encouraged.
