immuno

Question 1

what activates macrophages

Answer 1

TNF from Th1 cells

Question 2

what causes Th1 differentiation

Answer 2

IL12

Question 3

what causes Th17 differentiation

Answer 3

IL6

Question 4

what activates neuts

Answer 4

IL17

Question 5

what causes Treg differentiation

Answer 5

TGFb

Question 6

where is CD40L

Answer 6

on T cell

Question 7

what do B cells need T cell help for

Answer 7

clonal expansion
isotype switching
somatic hyermutation and affinity maturation
memory B cells

Question 8

what does signalling via BTK

Answer 8

Pre B cell (has heavy and light chains)

Question 9

what Ig crosses placenta

Answer 9

IgG

Question 10

inflammasome and IL1 activation 2 signals

Answer 10

1. production of pro-ILB
2. assembly of inflammasome - NLR binds and activates caspase 1 from procaspase-1
   - -> caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL1b into IL-1

Question 11

inflammasome activated by salmonella, consequence

Answer 11

NLRC4 - leads to IL-8 production - acts on CD8 T cells to produce IFNgamma

Question 12

what things activate NLRP3 inflammasome

Answer 12

uric acid crystals

palmitates and ceramide crystals from obesity

Question 13

immunosuppressive drugs for transplants

Answer 13

calcineurin inhibitors - cyclosporine
steroids
anti-proliferative