Immunology

Question 1

T helper type 1 cell (Th1) inducer cytokine

Answer 1

IL-12

Question 2

T helper type 2 cell (Th2) inducer cytokine

Answer 2

IL-4

Question 3

T helper 17 cell (Th17) inducer cytokines

Answer 3

IL-1
IL-6
IL-21
IL-23

Question 4

Regulatory T cell (Treg) inducer cytokines

Answer 4

IL-2

TGF-β

Question 5

T helper type 1 cell (Th1) cytokines produced

Answer 5

IFN-γ

TNF-α

Question 6

T helper type 2 cell (Th2) cytokines produced

Answer 6

IL-4
IL-5
IL-6
IL-13

Question 7

T helper type 17 cell (Th17) cytokines produced

Answer 7

IL-17

Question 8

Regulatory T cell (Treg) cytokines produced

Answer 8

IL-10

TGF-β

Question 9

Type I allergic reaction

Answer 9

IgE mediated, immediate-type hypersensitivity.

• IgE mediated activation of mast cells & basophils, releasing vasoactive substances
• Anaphylaxis, angioedema, bronchospasm, urticaria, hypotension

Question 10

Type II allergic reaction

Answer 10

Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.

• Antigen associated with cell binds to antibody, leading to cell/tissue injury
• Haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia

Question 11

Type III allergic reaction

Answer 11

Immune complex disease.

• Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in vessels/tissue, complement activation, neutrophil recruitment
• Serum sickness, arthus reaction

Question 12

Type IV allergic reaction

Answer 12

Cell-mediated or delayed hypersensitivity.

• Antigen exposure activates T cells, mediating tissue injury, subsequent cell recruitment
• Contact dermatitis, mobilliform reactions, exfoliative dermatoses, AGEP, DRESS, interstitial nephritis, drug-induced hepatitis

Question 13

Serology - type I hereditary angioedema (HAE)

Answer 13

Low C4
Low C1INH protein level
Low C1INH functional level
Normal C1q

Question 14

Serology - type II hereditary angioedema (HAE)

Answer 14

Low C4
Normal C1INH protein level
Low C1INH functional level
Normal C1q

Question 15

Serology - acquired C1INH deficiency

Answer 15

Low C4
Low C1INH protein level
Low C1INH functional level
Low C1q

Question 16

Serology - X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA)

Answer 16

Normal T cells

Low / absent B cells

Question 17

Serology - hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM)

Answer 17

Normal / High IgM
Low IgG
Low IgA
Low IgE

Question 18

Serology - common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Answer 18

Low IgG

Low IgM and/or IgA

Question 19

Serology - severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer 19

Low T cells

Question 20

MHC class I presenters

Answer 20

All nucleated cells

Question 21

MHC class II presenters

Answer 21

Macrophage
Dendritic cell
B cell

Question 22

MHC class I receivers

Answer 22

(CD8+)
Cytotoxic T cell
Natural killer cell
Dendritic cell

Question 23

MHC class II receivers

Answer 23

(CD4+)
T helper cell (Th1, Th2)
T regulatory cell