Immunology

Question 1

What are the structual Components of the Immune System?

Answer 1

Thymus Bone Marrow Lymph Nodes Lymphatics

Question 2

What are the cellular components or the Immune System

Answer 2

Polymorphonuclease leukocytes (PMN) - netrophiles, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells Monocytes, Marcophages Natural Killer Cells Lymphocytes : T Cells (CD4 and CD8), B Cells

Question 3

List the types of Hypersensitivities

Answer 3

• Type 1
  
  • Mast Cells
  • IgE-Mediated mast cell degranulation
• Type 2
  
  • RBC
  • IgG-Mediated Cellular Toxicity
• Type 3
  
  • Immune Complex mediated inflammation
• Type 4
  
  • T cell-mediated tissue injury.

Question 4

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

During Sensitisation

• Activation of Allergen-specific Th2 cells. what Interlukin is produced?

Answer 4

• IL-4, Produces IgE, Mast Cell Sensitisation.

Question 5

What is the definition of Autoimmune disease

Answer 5

Self-directed immune response due to failure of immunological self-tolerance

Question 6

• What is teh target cells in:-
  
  • Auto-immune haemolytic Anaemia
  • Auto-immune thrombocytopenia

Answer 6

• Erythrocytes
• Platlets

Question 7

When staging Lymphoma explain stages 1-5

Answer 7

1. Single Lymph node
2. Reginal lymphadenopathy (on one side of diagram)
3. Generalized lymphadenopathy
4. Liver and/or spleen involvement +/- lymph nodes
5. Blood, Bone Marrow , or other organ involvement

Question 8

What is Lymphadenomegaly?

Answer 8

Lymph node enlargement.

Question 9

What tests would you organis for diagnosing lymphoma?

Answer 9

• Cytology
• Histopathology
• Immunohistochemistry or immunocytology
• PCR for clonal antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) - not routinely available)

Question 10

What is Leukaemia?

Answer 10

Malignancy of the bone marrow (and/or Spleen)