Implement Solutions that Use Virtual Machines Flashcards by a m

Virtual Machine Components

Resource Group
VM Size
Network
Images
Virtual Disk/Storage

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Azure Virtual Machine Main Creation Methods

Azure Portal
Azure CLI
Azure PowerShell with AZ module
Azure ARM templates
(APIs also exist)

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Basic Details needed to Create a Virtual Machine (in the Azure Portal)

Basic:
Subscription
Resource Group
Details:
VM Name
Region
Image - list available in your selected region
(not required) Azure Spot Instance 
VM Size -  list available in your selected region
Administrative:
Administrator Account Username*
Administrator Account Password*
*Linux Can Use Username/ Password OR SSH public key
Inbound port rules:
Public Inbound Ports
Select Inbound ports - permits inbound access from any machine on the specified port.

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Azure Spot Instance

Setting that allows Azrue to stop and deallocate a virtual machine if Azure needs compute capacity back for whatever reason.

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Linux alternative to VM Admin Username Password

SSH Public Key

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Public Inbound Ports - Azure Portal

Setting when creating Azure VM instance in the inbound port rules section
Default access outside the Virtual Network or the internet is not permitted
Selecting an inbound port creates a rule to allow ANY machine to access the selected port(s)
More granular rules available in ‘networking’ (specify IPs etc)

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Availability Options for Azure VM

No Infrastructure redundancy required,
Availability Zone
Availability Set

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Reasons to Deploy VMs with code in Azure

Add consistency to your deployments and VM creation
Any production system should be implemented using automation
Construct similar down-level environments such as DEV/TEST

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Tools for Programmatic VM Creation

Azure CLI
Azure PowerShell
ARM Templates

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Steps to create VM programmatically

Create Resource Group (or choose existing resource group)
Execute command to create Virtual Machine w/parameters
Ensure Networking is correct - Remote Access Port may need to be Open, application ports may need to be open, etc.
-can also add rules to the network security group directly to control access to this VM based on ports & IP addresses
(recommended)
Retrieve Public IP address to connect

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Azure CLI Create Resource Group Command

az group create –name “resource group name” \

–location ‘“location”

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Create VM Azure CLI command

az vm create
–resource-group “resource-group-name” \
–name “name” \
–image “image -name” \
~admin option choice~
–size “size - default = standard ds1 v2”)

Admin options 1:

-admin-username “username” \
-admin-password “password

Admin options 2:

-admin-username “username” \
-authentication-type “ssh” \
-ssh-key-value “path-to-key-value”

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Default VM Size if Not specified

Standard Ds1 v2

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Enable Remote Access w/ Azure CLI

az vm open-port

-resource-group “rg-name” \
-name “vm-name” \
-port “port to open number”

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Get VM public address via Azure CLI

az vm list-ip-addresses \

-resource-group “resource group name” \
-name “vm name” \
-output table

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What type of Object must be created in Azure Powershell to hold username/password for a local admin on a VM?

PSCredential

example script:
$username =’username’
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString ‘somepassword’ -AsPlainText -Force
$WindowsCred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($username, $password)

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Create New VM in Azure PowerShell Command

New-AzVM

ResourceGroupName $resource GroupName
Name $VM Name
Image $imageName
Credential $WindowsCred
OpenPorts 99999

(Minimum info needed)

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Which of these methods of VM creation can specify open ports at VM Creation?

Azure CLI
Azure PowerShell

Azure PowerShell

Using the -OpenPorts parameter of New-AzVm command

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Get Azure VM Public IP address via PowerShell Command

Get-AzPublicIpAddress

ResourceGroupName ‘rg-name’
Name ‘vm-name’

Can add pipe to the end to get only ipaddress property :

… | Select-Object IpAddress

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PowerShell Command to Log In to Azure

Connect-AzAccount -SubscriptionName ‘your sub name’

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PowerShell Command to point to correct subscription

Set-AzContext -SubscriptionName ‘sub-name’

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Azure Powershell Create Resource Group Command

New-AzResourceGroup

Name ‘rg-name’
Location ‘location’

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Why Use IaaS solutions over PaaS solutions?

Study These Flashcards

Higher level of control when deploying the infrastructure needed for your application

True or False: In Azure VMs, Azure manages administrative tasks related to a VM’s operating system such as installing OS upgrades or patches.

Study These Flashcards

False, Azure provides underlying hardware on configuration for machine to run correctly, but you still need to manage the VM administrative task

VM Quota Limit

20 VMs per Region Per Subscription (soft limit)

What does a VM's size property control?

Resources assigned to the VM: - amount of memory - processing power, - number of virtual network interface cards allowed - Total storage capacity available for VM

What is a VM Extension?

``` Extensions enable you to automate some tasks or configuration once deployment of a VM completes successfully. Examples of extensions: -Run custom scripts -Deploy and manage configs -Collect diagnostic data ```

Method that creates a Resource Group in C#

azure.ResourceGroups.Define(groupName).WithRegion(Location).Create();

Method to create Virtual Network in C# using Azure SDK

``` azure.Networks.Define(vnetName) .WithRegion(location) .WithExistingResourceGroup(resourceGroupName) .WithAddressSpace(vnetAddress) .WithSubnet(subnetName, subnetAddress) .Create(); ```

Method to create Network Interface for a VM in C# SDK

``` azure.NetworkInterfaces.Define(niName) .WithRegion(location) ,WithExistingResourceGroup(rgName) .WithExistingPrimaryNetwork(network) .WithSubnet(subnetName) .WithPrimaryPrivateIPAddressDynamic() .Create() ``` //network => created from the azure.Networks.Define() command

In relation to a VM, what does a Virtual Network do?

Allows Communication with the rest of the world

In relation to a VM, what is the significance of the Network Interface?

The network interface is used to connect to the virtual network to send/receive information

Method that creates a VM in C# SDK

``` azure.VirtualMachines.Define(vmName) .WithRegion(location) .WithExistingResourceGroup(rgName) .WithExistingPrimaryNetworkInterface(nic) .WithLatestWindowsImage(params) .WithAdminUsername(username) .WithAdminPassword(password) .WithComputerName(vmName) .WithSize(VirtualMachineSizeTypes.SomeValue) .Create(); ``` //nic = created via azure.NetworkInterfaces.Define()....

In relation to VMs, what does an Availability Set do?

Ensure that any VM in the same availability set is not placed on the same hardware.

What is the point of an Availability Set?

If you have multiple Availability Sets, VMs will not be restarted at the same time because of software upgrades to a server. Provides high availability. Allows load balancing.

True or False: You can only add your VM to an availability set at creation time.

True - If you forget to add a VM to an availability set, you must delete the VM and start over to assign it.

True or False: Your VM instances must be in Availability Sets in order to load balance them

True

What is an ARM template?

JSON file that defines what resources you want deployed in Azure with their configurations

True or False: ARM templates are only used to deploy VMs in Azure

False: ARM Templates can be used to create ANY resource

Can you reuse the same ARM template for different environments? If so, how? If not, why?

Yes, you can use the same ARM template for multiple environments by making use of template parameters to customize each environment at deployment time

What does ARM stand for?

Azure Resource Manager

What does Azure Resource Manager convert the JSON formatted ARM template into upon receiving?

REST API operations

What methods can you use to deploy an ARM template?

``` Azure Portal Azure CLI PowerShell with the Az Module REST API Azure Cloud Shell ```

What is the $schema in an ARM Template?

The location of the JSON schema file that describes the template's language Example: https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/.deploymentTemplate.json#

What is the contentVersion of an ARM template?

The version of the template, as defined by the user | Useful for version controlling templates

What is the apiProfile of an ARM template for?

versioning of resource types that are defined within your template

What is the parameters section of an ARM template used for?

To provide values during deployment so that the same template is reusable across environments

What is the 'variables' section in an ARM template used for?

To define values that are reused in your template and often constructed from parameter values

What is the 'functions' section of an ARM Template used for?

Allows you to create custom functions that simplify templates Ex: generate resource name based on environment deploying into

What is the 'resources' section of an ARM template used for?

To specify the items you want to deploy such as VMs, storage accounts, networking elements, etc

What is the 'outputs' section of an ARM template for?

Typically return values from deployed resources in the template for inspection

Where can you download an ARM template automatically created from a step by step configuration of a VM

In the Azure Portal, you can use the Create function within Virtual Machines and follow the prompts. Then, on review + create, the template will be validated and instead of clicking 'Create', you can choose the option to download a template. The generated template will contain necessary parameters as well.

How is a parameter defined in the ARM template?

"my-param-name" : { "type": "my-param-type" }

How is a parameter set in the parameter JSON file for an ARM template

``` "parameters": { "my-param-name" : { "value":"my-param-value" }, ...... } ``` Parameter value can also be an array or object or array of objects

Can a variable use another variable in an ARM template?

How do you call a variable in an ARM template?

[variables('your-variable-name')]

What is the command to deploy with an ARM template in PowerShell?

New-AzResourceGroupDeployement - Name 'deployName' - ResourceGroupName 'rg-name' - TemplateFile 'path-to-template-file' - TemplateParameterFile 'path-to-template-param-file'

Implement Solutions that Use Virtual Machines Flashcards

(57 cards)