Important Lists Flashcards

Question

4 strong social dynamics required for sustainability of language/art form (Simons & Lewis, 2011)

Answer 1

Meaning Ownership Accuracy Naturalness

Answer 2

Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (8 stages)

Answer 3

Expanded GIDS (13 stages)

Answer 4

Graded Music Shift Scale (back to 8, but added "locked")(Coulter 2011)

Answer 5

self-evaluation questionnaire

Answer 6

recorded text testing

Answer 7

Performers/Performances, Audience-Appreciators (see Harris 2012)

Answer 8

Function: high status, positive uses Acquisition: passed on to others Motivation: why people chose certain arts for certain social functions Environment: how surrounding society supports (or not) use of an art form

Answer 9

``` Forms/Meanings/Result local/local/local religion foreign/local/christopagan syncretism foreign/foreign/domination syncretism local/christian/appropriate church ```

Answer 10

(e.g., Sakha people “feed the fire” in worship; note difference in assigned meaning from American hikers who throw marshmallows into the fire to watch them burn)

Answer 11

so worship looks Christian outwardly, but meanings are local, not Christian at all (e.g., wearing crosses for good luck/safety vs. believer wearing cross as reminder of salvation)

Answer 12

so locals believe that Christianity can only be expressed this way (e.g., local art forms aren’t accepted, because believe that have to sing Western-style hymns with translated words; happened for Sakha with Russian Christian songs in the mid-1990s)

Answer 13

Christian, local art forms consciously infused with Christian meaning (e.g., Sakha pastor wrote Christian words to okhuokai, traditional round dance)

Answer 14

* form=cultural expression (art form) that has meaning * meaning is determined by thought processes of people, not inherent to the form itself * Societies can borrow cultural forms from other societies, but if proportion too high compared to indigenous forms, will affect character of worship. * Emphasis on meaning behind form in eyes of local people. * Note that one basically creates huge issues any time one uses foreign forms—creates tension.

Answer 15

Must have ALL steps = study forms within cultural setting, from locals’ perspective, and then re-evaluate in light of biblical norms: 1. Gather information from and with locals about the forms and their current meanings, as well as the functions of those forms in the local culture; 2. study biblical teachings and principles that relate to the forms in question; 3. evaluate the local forms in light of the related biblical teachings; and 4. encourage local people [note that final decisions do NOT come from outsiders!], based on what they have learned in this process, to make their own decisions about whether they should accept, reject, and/or alter the forms in order to create an appropriate, contextualized Christian practice.

Answer 16

major difference in the first step (“identifying a felt need” vs. “identifying meanings and functions of a form within a given community”) o Step 1: identifying issues burdening people’s hearts/affecting their lives o Step 2: study the issue without judging; research motivations, etc. (p. 81, “ask why until they have no more explanations”); get to the root cause! • practices that are involved • beliefs that are involved • root causes o Step 3: determine what is true (with good counsel, in groups) o Step 4: respond to the issue biblically (need functional substitutes for those things you remove!) • figure out functions of each component • determine as (a) acceptable, (b) needing modification, or (c) needing replacement [KMH comment: need another step introducing the functional substitute—important WHO does so (status), whether give encouragement to develop more examples (corpus), and HOW the substitute is introduced and taught (acquisition)]

Answer 17

* 1-importation (Western) * 2-adaptation (add rhythm instruments; translate) * 3-alteration (new text, old tune, or vice versa) * 4-imitation (locals compose in Western style, e.g., verse-refrain) * 5-indigenization (completely indigenous) * 6-internationalization (goes out to others) * Amu: no problem embracing others, but still keep the best in our own!

Answer 18

* guiding principle: distance = shared knowledge/cultural distance, NOT linguistic complexity * 1-share info/story + experiences * 2-author has new personal experience * 3-author learns something vicariously and communicates it in a local, culturally appropriate way * 4-author translates something new from another language (experience unknown to him, too)

Answer 19

``` • indicators o observable o describable o measurable • results o neutral o directional (up/down) o targeted (specific group) ```

Answer 20

* sociolinguistics * material culture/economics * power relationships * social organization (gender, age, kinship) * kinship * marriage/family (sexuality) * religion * worldview/values

Answer 21

* distinctive performance context * contract/expand density of info * assume more/special knowledge * special formal structure * elicit unusual (emotional) responses * require unusual expertise

Answer 22

* aesthetically marked * heightened mode of communication * framed as special display for audience

Answer 23

* scheduled * temporally bounded * spatially bounded * programmed * coordinated * heightened public occasions

Answer 24

HOW-inputs, activities WHAT (want)-outputs, outcomes WHY-impact stakeholder chart: NAME-CONTRIBUTION-BENEFIT-CONCERN

Answer 25

* participant observation * interviews * note-taking * photography * audio/video * published sources

Answer 26

* Relational * Analytical * Structured * Energetic

Answer 27

* anything observable, patterned, transcribable! * 1-evokes emotions * 2-repeated * 3-draws attention of audience/performers * 4-people tell you to look for * 5-heavy contrasts among bundled sets of features * [Note: Finnegan’s communication channels]

Answer 28

* language, dialect, orthography * translation * accessible forms of Scripture * background knowledge * availability * spiritual hunger * freedom to commit to Christian faith * partnership between translators and other stakeholders

Answer 29

``` • Arts for… o Celebration/ceremonies o Lord o Others o Self ```

Answer 30

* innovators * key roles * ordinary * anonymous * artists affect (and effect!) new social structures

Important Lists Flashcards

(54 cards)