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IMPORTANT POINTS Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. anterior cruciate ligament is damaged.direction of tibial dislocation on femur is
    a. anteriolateral
    b. anteromeddiaal
    c. anterior
    d. posterromedial
    e. posterolateral
A

c. anterior (answer)

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2
Q
  1. narrowest point in pediatric airway
    a. cricoid
    b. thyroid
    c. trachea
    d. false vocal cord
    e. true vocal cords
A

a. cricoid (answer)

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3
Q
  1. regarding vertebral column
    a. intervertebral disc is thickest in thoracic and lumber regions
    b. cervical vertebrae are 7
    c. total 31 vertebrae
    d. curvature to side is caalled lordosis
    e. prolapse can occur without fracutre
A

b. cervical vertebrae are 7(answer)

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4
Q
  1. pulmonary artery supplies
    a. alveoli (answer)
    b. alveolar sac
    c. Bronchioles
    d. trachea
    e. terminal bronchioles
A

a. alveoli (answer)

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5
Q
  1. if thalamus gets damaged,which is not affected
    a. sense of olfaction
    b. vibration
    c. touch
A

a. sense of olfaction (answer)

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6
Q
  1. dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve is present
    a. upper part of pons
    b. lower part of pons
    c. medulla
    d. midbrain
A

c. medulla (answer)

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7
Q
  1. superior colliculus receives which sensation
    a. auditory
    b. visual
    c. hearing
A

b. visual (answer)

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8
Q
  1. posterior to urinary bladder
    a. anal canal
    b. prostate
    c. denonvilliers fascia
    d. completely covered by peritoneum
    e. covered by peritoneum in lower half only
A

c. denonvilliers fascia (answer)

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9
Q
  1. dorsal column damaged,which will be least affected
    a. touch
    b. sterogonosis
A

b. sterogonosis (answer-NOT SURE)

temp and vibration were not in options

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10
Q
  1. nerve involved in bell’s palsy
    a. 7
    b. 9
    c. 10
A

a. 7 (answer)

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11
Q
  1. posterior communicating artery
    a. passes below the oculomotor nerve and connects ICA and PCA
    b. passes above occulomotor nerve and connects ICA to MCA
    c. connects ICA to posterior cerebellar rtery
A

a. passes below the oculomotor nerve and connects ICA and PCA (answer)

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12
Q
  1. structure passing thru the cavernous sinus
    a. CN 3
    b. CN 6
    c. CN 4
A

b. CN 6 (answer)

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13
Q
  1. isthumus of thyroid is situated over which tracheal rings
    a. 1,2,3
    b. 2,3,4
    c. 1,2
    d. 2,3
A

b. 2,3,4 (answer)

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14
Q
  1. which muscle gets paralyzed/damaged in temporomandibular joint dislocation
    a. temporalis
    b. masseter
    c. lateral pterygoid
    d. medial pterygoid
    e. buccinator
A

c. lateral pterygoid (answer)

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15
Q
  1. fascia deep to parotid gland forms
    a. stylomandibular ligament
    b. stylohyoid ligament
    c. temporomandibular ligament
A

c. temporomandibular ligament (answer)

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16
Q
  1. cardiac plexus
    a. formed infront of trachea
    b. have preganglionic sympthetic fibers from superior cervical ganglia
    c. contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
A

c. contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers (answer)

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17
Q
  1. 1st branch of abdominal aorta
    a. inferior phrenic
    b. celiac
A

a. inferior phrenic (answer)

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18
Q
  1. LCX blocked.area affected
    a. left atrium+left ventricle
    b. left atrium
    c. left ventricle
A

a. left atrium+left ventricle (answer)

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19
Q
  1. brachial plexus block…pt still feels pain on lateral aspect of forearm.which nerve is spared
    a. axillary nerrve
    b. musculocutaneous nerve
A

b. musculocutaneous nerve (answer)

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20
Q
  1. structure pierced during spinal tap
    a. posterior longitudinal lig
    b. ligamentum flavum
A

b. ligamentum flavum (answer)

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21
Q
  1. dilatation of aortic arch will compress
    a. left bronchus
    b. trachea
    c. esophagus
A

a. left bronchus (answer)

RLN was not in options

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22
Q
  1. muscles are connected to bones via
    a. ligaments
    b. tendons
A

b. tendons (answer)

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23
Q
  1. long thoracic nerve supplies
    a. lattisimus dorsi
    b. serratus anterior
A

b. serratus anterior (answer)

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24
Q
  1. pt with spells of dizziness and diplopia,now presented with coma.what’s the diagnosis
    a. subarachnoid hemorrhage
    b. carotid artery obstruction
    c. basilar artery thrombosis
    d. pontine hemorrhage
A

c. basilar artery thrombosis (answer)

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25
25. axillary artery is formedd by a. basilic vein and vena comitantes of brachial artery b. cephalic vein and vena commitantes of brachial artery
a. basilic vein and vena comitantes of brachial artery (answer)
26
26. at which level trachea starts a. c6 b. c7 c. c5 d. c8
a. c6 (answer)
27
27. jejunum is supplied by a. SMA b. IMA c. pancreaticoduodenal artery
a. SMA (answer)
28
28. regarding vessels of lower limb a. cruciate anastmosis is b/w femoral artery and external iliac artery b. short saphenous starts from medial side of foot c. long saphenous ends in mid thigh d. femoral vein is lateral to femoral canal
d. femoral vein is lateral to femoral canal (answer)
29
29. injury to lateral hypothalamus will a. increases appetite b. no effect on hunger c. decreases hunger d. increases hunger for carbohydrates
c. decreases hunger (answer)
30
30. lesion of rt lateral geniculaate body causes a. left homonymus hemianopia b. rt homonymus hemianopia c. bitemporal hemianopia
a. left homonymus hemianopia (answer)
31
31. internal carotid artery a. ophthalmic branch enters thru superior orbital fissure b. it enters thrusquamous paart of temporal bone c. at bifurcation its lateral to external carotid artery then turns medially and posteriorly d. pierces diaphragma sella medial to optic nerve
c. at bifurcation its lateral to external carotid artery then turns medially and posteriorly (answer)
32
32. bundle of his is supplied by a. RCA b. LCX c. rt marginal artery
c. rt marginal artery (answer)
33
33. lymphatic drainage of thyroid
a. deep cervical lymph nodes (answer)
34
34. in open laparotomy,surgeon recognizes left kidney by a. dark color b. begins from T12 to L4 c. anterior relation with stomach,pancreas,descending colon,spleen,jejunum d. anterior relation with pancreas,descending colon,spleen,jejunum
c. anterior relation with stomach,pancreas,descending colon,spleen,jejunum (answer)
35
35. pt suffering from appendicitis,having pain in right iliac fossa that is reffered to umbilicus.which spinal nerve root is involved in this reffered pain a. T10 b. L5
a. T10 (answer)
36
36. light thrown in rt eye,direct reflex is present but absence of indirect light reflex.which structure is involved/damaged a. rt occulomotor nerve b. left oculomotor nerve c. pretectum
b. left oculomotor nerve (answer)
37
37. linear growth pf bone is affected if following structure is fractured a. metaphysis b. epiphyseal line c. epiphyseal plate d. diaphysis
c. epiphyseal plate (answer)
38
38. abscess anterior to pretracheal fascia.infection can spread to
a. anterior mediastinum (answer)
39
39. beta endorphins
a. hypothalamus
40
40. typical scenario of sickle cell anemia with abdominal pain jaundice etc... a. HB ss b. HB sc
a. HB ss (answer)
41
42. ITP scenario was given.splenectomy done.which organism will cause postsplenectomy reecurrent infections a. hemophilis influenza b. staph aureus
a.
42
43. hepatitis scenario,viral markers negative,ALT slightly raised,on exaamination there were some eye findings.what is the suitable dignostic test a. serum ceruloplasmin b. urinary copper c. HbsAg d. anti mitochondrial ab
a. serum ceruloplasmin (answer)
43
46. child with history of bed wetting though toilet trained.investigations done.at one side duplication of ureter was found and one of them was opening in vagina.what is the cause
a. early division of ureteric bud
44
difference b/w sarcoma and carcinoma a. pleomorphism b. inc vascularity
b.
45
47. coal minning,sand blaster.lon|Achg scenario a. asbestosis b. silicosis d. anthracosis
b. silicosis (answer)
46
49. turner syndrome a. AR b. AD c. gynaecomastiaa d. short stature
d. short stature (answer)
47
51. which cell organelle contain double membrane a. nucleolus b. golgi apparatus c. ribosomes d. RER
d. RER (answer-??)
48
52. fisherman with gingival hyperplasia and echymosis.which one is deficcient a. vit B12 b. vit K c. vit c
c. vit c (answer)
49
53. pt on immunosuppresents.abscess is formed on upper outerr half of arm.after drainage healing process is verry slow though a month hs been passed.reason a. dec collagen formation b. dec neutophil migration
b. dec neutophil migration
50
55. which infusion will inc ECF to maximum extent a. hypertonic fluid b. isotonic fluid
a. hypertonic fluid (answer)
51
56. steady pressure is detected by a. meissners b. ruffinis c. pacinian
b. ruffinis (answer)
52
58. pt with AML undergone bonemarrow transplant....pneumonia...histology showing large cells with intrcellular inclusions.cause is a. CMV b. candida c. pneumocystic
ans: a I marked
53
59. child brought by mother,suffering from diarrhea.on examination,rectal prolapsed was found(finaly a hint was given that worm with small anterior end) A. entrobius vermicularis b. trichuria trichuris c. whip worm
ans: b
54
60. best indicator of venous return a. end diastolic vol b. end systolic vol
ans: a
55
61. MI pt after 48 hour,found collapsed,no pulse.on ECG irregular waves were seen.whats the pathophysiology a. dec cardiac output b. re-entery current
ans: I marked b
56
62. subcapsular efferent a. lymph nodes b. spleen c. thymus
ans: a
57
63. alveoli are kept dry because of a. alveolar macrophages b. tight junction b/w capillaries c. surfactants d. negative interstitial pressure
d
58
64. dead space does not change in a. shallow breathing b. deep inspiration c. standing
ans: a
59
anxiety is dec by the activation of which receptors a. GABAa b. glutamate c. glucocorticoid d. nicotinic cholinergic e. dopamine
a
60
67. what is more/high in venous blood as compare to arterial blood
a. PCV
61
69. cause of fatty liver in our country a. hep B and hep C b. alcoholism c. fatty diet
ans: a
62
70. primary active transport a. pump b. carriers c. channel proteins
ans: a
63
71. corona radiata is formed by a. granulosa cell b. theca interna cells c. theca externa cells
ans: a
64
72. spermiogenesis a. primary oocytes form secondary oocytes b. secondary oocytes form sperrmatids c. spermatidz form spermatozoa
ans: c
65
73. renal threshold for glucose a. 180 b. 200 c. 250 d. 375
ans: I marked c
66
74. in which condition atrial repolarization is shown on ECG a. third degree cmplt heart block b. inspiration c. during exercise
ans: a
67
75. on ECG,QRS complex represents a. ventricular systole b. ventricular depolarization
ans: b
68
77. which structure binds cytoskeleton with ECM. a. proteoglycans b. intermediate filaments c. integrins
ans: a
69
78. a tall young girl(child) with history of secretion from breast.on microscopy of anterior pituitary,which cells ar abundant a. eosinophilic b. basophilic c. chromophobes
ans: a
70
79. which valves are most commonly involved in rheumatic heart disese
a. mitral and aortic
71
81. pt with muscle weaakness and bilateral ptosis.which investigations you will do a. Acetylcholine receptors antibodies b. anti smooth muscles antibodies
(EMG was not in options) | ans: a
72
82. farmer's lung a. sugarcane dust b. grain dust c. cotton dust d. tobacco
ans: b
73
83. hormone responsible for ductal growth and fat deposition in bresat a. progesterone b. estrogen c. prolactin
ans: b
74
84. heart rate is 75,PR interval is 0.3.if heart rate becomes 225, what will be the PR interval a 0.1 b 0.9 c 0.05
ans: a
75
86. erythropoietin secretion iss inhibited by a. cobalt b. hypoxia c. theophylline
ans: c
76
which is low in csf as compare to plasma a. Na b. osmolarity c. Cl d. Mg e. protein
ans: e
77
89. middle aged man presented with meningitis after having lung abscess
9 | a. staph aureus
78
which toxin is responsible for scarlet fever a. exotoxin b. erythrogenic c. endotoxin
ans: b
79
serum sodium is regulated by which type of receptors?
a. osmoreceptors
80
92. highest sodium channel conc a. initial segment b. node of ranvir c. dendrites
ans: b
81
93. in chronic liver disease,which histological finding suggests chronicity a. fibrosis b. councilmann bodies
ans: a
82
96. which prevents muscle from tearing unde pressure a. GTO b. muscle spindle
ans: a
83
99. if right atrial pressure is increased a. increases cardiac output b. increases intrathrocic pressure
ans: a
84
100. after adrenalectomy,which is preffered a. glucose b. NaCl
ans: b
85
101. in cell mem of RBCs,CL- and HCO3- exchange occurs through a. nkyrin b. band3 c. spectrin
ans: b
86
103. pt with malaise and raised bp,died b/c of hemorrhagic stroke in basal ganglia.on autopsy bilateral small kidneys with petecheal hemorrhages,hyperplastic arteriosclerosis and fibrinoid necrosis.whats the diagnosis a. fibromuscular dysplasia b. DM type II c. systemic sclerosis d. NSAID induced
c
87
104. which one is most pre malignant a. compound nevus b. intradermal nevuss c. seborrhaic keratosis
ans: a
88
106. presynaptic sympathetic fibers release a. ACH b. nor epinephrine c. dopmine
ans: a
89
107. saliva prevents iron utilization by microbes via a. lactoferrin b. lysozymes
ans: a
90
110. sulfur containing aminoacids
a. cystine
91
112. diphtheria toxin has sever affect on a. heart b. brain
_a
92
115. urine osmolarity 1200(or 1400)plasma sodium 120, whats the cause
a. increase ADH
93
least amount of minerals are found in a. roots b. tubers c. cereal d. pulses e. veg(leaves)
b. tubers
94
non smoker,fever for 6 weeks and cough with small amount of blood.on xray "Coin lesion"is seen in upperr lobe a. small cell carcinoma b. granulomaa c. silicosis
b. granulomaa
95
116. urine concentrated in juxtamedullary nephrons.in which part dilute urine will be present a. DCT b. CT c. thick ascending loop of henle d. thin ascending loop of henle
ans: c
96
117. stab wound of chest,what will happen a. ipsilateral lung collapses and ipsilateral chest wall springs out b. ipsilateral lung collapses and contralaterl chest wall springs out
ans: a
97
118. 46 XX pseudohermaphrodite
a. adrenogenital syndrome
98
which factor helps immune system against microbial defense a. complement system b. c3b
ans: I marked b
99
125. occupational carcinoma a. tobacco factory worker b. silicosis c. asbestosis
ans: c
100
129. sweat glands a. not present in palm and sole b. innervated by sympathetic nervous system
ans: b
101
130. Na is major ECF cation.its mostly balanced by which anion a. HCO3- b. Cl-
ans: b
102
131. which is more in dialysing fluid as compare to plasma a. glucose b. HCO3-
ans: a
103
132. which inhibits stomach emptying a. gastrin b. CCK
ans: b
104
134. dec gastric secretions a. gastrin b. secretin c. enterogasterone
ans: b
105
137. S2 as compared to s1 has a. high frequency b. longer duration
ans: a
106
138. in a standing person,venous return from legs i facilitated by a. contraction of skeletal muscles b. valves in veins
ans: a
107
139. gastric lymphomas
a. H.pylori
108
141. median umbilical ligament is remanant of
a. urachus
109
147. hematocrit
a. rbcs+wbcs+platelets
110
155. Antibody receptors are
a. hypervariable regions of H and L chains
111
157. negative mantox test is seen in
a. pt taking immunosuppresents
112
160. which antiemetic is preffered in pts of chemotherapy a. odansterone b. metochlopramide
ans: a
113
161. steady conc of doapmine is achieved in a. 9 min b. 2 min
ans: a
114
162. drug interaction a. pharmacokinetic only b. pharmacodynamic only
c. both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (answer)
115
163. ranitidine is different from cemitidine as a. it has less CNS toxicity b. less potent
a. it has less CNS toxicity (answer)
116
166. 0.85% saline contains how much NACL a. 850mg/100ml b. 85g/L
ans: a
117
170. vol of distribution is not affected by a. age , b. gender
b. gender (answer)
118
171. histamine releasing opioid a. morphine b. tramdol
a. morphine (answer),
119
172. morphine is used in - a. biliary colic - b. terminal cancer pain
b. terminal cancer pain (answer)
120
173. thiazide diuretics acts on
-a. DCT
121
175. antihypertensive acting directly on SA node a. verapamil b. nifidipine
a. verapamil(answer)
122
176. mode of action of cephalosporin a. dec peptidoglycan synthesis b. inhibit transpeptidase
b. inhibit transpeptidase (answer)
123
177. 2x2 table
- a. chi square
124
1. Blood brain barrier is formed by: a. Capillary endothelium b. Continuous basement membrane c. Pericytes d. All of above e. None of above
Ans: a
125
2. Total power of the eye is 59 diopters. Main role is maintenance of this power as performed by: a. Anterior surface of cornea b. Lens c. Vitreous Humor d. Retina e. Posterior surface of cornea
Ans: a
126
3. In patient with increased bleeding time, what could be the cause of bleeding a. Prothrombin Deficiency b. Hemophilia – A c. Vitamin - K deficiency d. Protein - C deficiency e. Von Willebrand's disease
Ans: e
127
4. What is the nerve supply of tip of nose? a. Ophthalmic nerve b. maxillary nerve c. Mandibular nerve d. Fascial nerve e. Cervical plexus
Ans: a
128
5. Parasympathetic stimulation caused: a. Bronchodilation b. Decreased gut motiilty c. Opens intestinal sphincters d. Constipation e. Tachycardia
Ans: c
129
6. Which of the following is the site of fusion of binocular vision? a. Optic chiasma b. Lateral geniculate bodies c. Retina d. Visual cortex e. Optic nerve
Ans: d
130
7. A newborn baby with hydrocephalus has a swelling in lumbosacral spinal region, which contains neural tissue in it. What could be the probable diagnosis of this patient? a. Spina bifida b. Meningocele c. Meningomyelocele d. Meningoencephalocele e. Meningohydroencephalocele
Ans: c
131
8. Which of the following is most strong antioxidant? a. Glutathone b. Vitamin - E c. Vitamin - C d. Ceruloplasmin e. Catalase
Ans: a
132
9. Most early diagnosis of Vitamin-A deficiency is: (a) Bilot spots in cornea (b) Night blindness (c) Keratomalacia (d) Chielosis (e) Hyperkeratosis
Ans: b
133
10. A patient presents with recurrent epistaxis. Investigation receal decreased factors II, VII, IX, X & protein-C which of the following is most likely diagnosis of this condition? (a) Christmas disease (b) Hemophillia (c) Vitamin-K deficiency (d) Von willebrands disease (e) Liver dysfunction
Ans: c
134
11. On H & E staining a student sees the hallow structure around the nucleus. What it could be: (a) Golgi apparatus (b) Lysosomes (c) Ribosomes (d) Endoplasmic reticulum (e) Mitochondria
Ans: b
135
12. Bitemproral vision loss is most commonly caused by: (a) Piuitary tumor (b) Crainiopharyngioma (c) Adenoma of hypothalamus (d) Section of optic tract (e) Section of optic nerve
Ans: a
136
13. A patient has finger like projection on upper lid. Hostopathological report shows epithelial cells along with fibrous element. What is most probable diagnosis? Option (a) Pappiloma Option (b) Basal cell carcinoma Option (c) Squamous cell carcinoma Option (d) Chalazion Option (e) Cellulites
Ans: a
137
``` 14. Parotid gland supplied by: Option (a) GVA Option (b) GVE Option (c) SVE Option (d) SVA Option (e) GSA ```
Ans: b
138
``` 15. Primary malignant melanoma of the choroids most commonly metastasizes to: Option (a) Liver Option (b) Lungs Option (c) Brain Option (d) Kidneys Option (e) Breast ```
Ans: a
139
16. A patient develops sensory loss over left side of body. After few days his behavior for pain is changed & he become angry after touching. Where could be the lesion in brain Option (a) Right thalamus Option (b) Internal capsule Option (c) Cerebral cortex Option (d) Basal ganglia Option (e) Midbrain
Ans: a
140
17. A middle aged male has non-healing wound for long time in presence of regular dressing, random blood sugar is 130 mg/dl. What could be the cause of delayed healing in this patient Option (a) Infection Option (b) Diabetes mellitus Option (c) High mobility Option (d) Foreign body in wound Option (e) Vascular insufficiency
Ans: e
141
``` 18. In a patient with sympathetic stimulation, what effect will occur on his heart? Option (a) Decreased rate Option (b) Coronary vasoconstriction Option (c) Hyperpolarization of SA node Option (d) Decreased AV nodal delay Option (e) Decreased stroke volume ```
Ans: d
142
``` 19. Which of the following is diagnostic of granuloma? Option (a) Giant cells Option (b) Epithliod cells Option (c) Multinucleated cells Option (d) Fibroblasts Option (e) Caseation ```
Ans: b
143
20. Medial orbitotomey is done in a patient with tumor in orbit. Now he is complaining of numbness at upper part of head up to vertex & medial part but medial part is intact. Which of the following nerves is damaged? Option (a) Supraorbital nerve Option (b) Supratrochlear nerve Option (c) Superior orbital nerve Option (d) Inferior orbital nerve Option (e) Fascial nerve
Ans: a
144
21. In inferior wall Myocardial Infraction, which artery should be blocked Option (a) :Left marginal artery Option (b) :Diagonal artery Option (c) :Right coronary artery Option (d) :Right marginal artery Option (e) :Posterior Interventricular artery
Ans: d
145
``` 22. Oxygen level in the blood will decrease in: Option (a) :Hypovolumic shock Option (b) :Anemic Hypoxia Option (c) :Hypoxic Hypoxia Option (d) :Congestive Heart Failure Option (e) :Acidosis ```
Ans: c
146
``` 23. A male patient has antibodies against FSH RECEPTORS. Which of the following will be lower than normal in this patient? Option (a) :LDL cholesterol Option (b) :Hemoglobin Option (c) :Sperm count Option (d) :Blood Sugar Option (e) :Triglycerides ```
Ans: c
147
``` 24. Brucellosis is Transmitted by Option (a) :Files Option (b) :Ras Fish Option (c) :Unpasteurized Milk Option (d) :Air Borne Option (e) :Blood Transfusion ```
Ans: c 25. week pregnant women has Irregular Ulterine Contractions. Which of following drugs will be beneficial for this lady.
148
``` Option (a) :Progesterone Option (b) :Estrogen Option (c) :Prolactin Option (d) :Oxytocin Option (e) :LH ```
Ans: d
149
26. The Diagnostic finding on investigations of Metabolic Alkalosis is: Option (a) :HCO3 more then 24meq/L Option (b) :CO2 more then 24meq/L Option (c) :PH less than 7.4 Option (d) :Decreased O2 in blood Option (e) :Increase serum carbonic anhydrase
Ans: a
150
27. A 6 cm Lump in the breast removed. Four Lymp nodes & skin were involved. Biopsy declared invasive Dectal Carcinoma. This tumor is called HIGH-GRADE because: Option (a) :Lymph node involvement Option (b) :Skin involvement Option (c) :Size of tumor Option (d) :Pleomorphism Option (e) :Duct involvement
Ans: d
151
28. Which of the following is the characteristic of lgM? Option (a) :It provides mucosal barrier Option (b) :It is in highest concentration in serum Option (c) :It is smallest molecule Option (d) :It is largest Molecule Option (e) :It crosses the placenta
Ans: d
152
``` 29. Which of following structures in the mouth is derived from Ectoderm? Option (a) :Epithelium of the tongue Option (b) :Submandibular gland Option (c) :Mylohyoid muscle Option (d) :Epithelium of parotid gland Option (e) :Tonsil ```
Ans: d
153
30. A young patient's blood pressure is 150/95. his serum Rennin level is higher than normal. Which of the following is the STIMULUS for this increased level of rennin? Option (a) :Essential hypertension Option (b) :Increased delivery of sodium to Renal tubules Option (c) :Increased sympathetic stimulation via Renal nerves Option (d) :Vasodilatation of Renal arterioles Option (e) :Increased blood flow to the kidneys
Ans: c
154
``` 31, A young women, complains of Dry mouth & Dry eyes. Which investigation will give clue to her diagnosis Option (a) :ANA Option (b) :Anti-ANA Option (c) :RA factor Option (d) :Anti - SS A/B Option (e) :ANCA ```
Ans: d
155
32. Regarding SA Node: Option (a) :Its resting membrane potential is - 65 to -85 volts Option (b) :It automatically generates impulses, creating rhythmic heartbeat Option (c) :Its membrane is impermeable to Na ions Option (d) :It is supplied by left coronary artery Option (e) :It lies in the septum
Ans: b
156
33. During the stretch in the Skeletal Muscle, which of the following changes will occur in the Nuclear Bag fiber? Option (a) :They increase impulse generation Option (b) :They remain static Option (c) :They decrease impulse generation Option (d) :They increase oscillation Option (e) :They inhibit muscle contraction
Ans: a
157
``` 34. which of the following structures is produced in 3rd week of development? Option (a) :Thyroid gland Option (b) :Parathyroid gland Option (c) :Genital ridge Option (d) :Heart tube Option (e) Tonsil ```
Ans: d
158
``` 35. Antibodies are produced by: Option (a) :Lymphocytes Option (b) Plasma cells Option (c) T-Cells Option (d) :Neutrophils Option (e) Endothelium ```
Ans: b
159
``` 36. Pulmonary Artery pressure increases in: Option (a) :Exercise Option (b) :Hypoxia Option (c) :Anemia Option (d) :Hypovolumic Shock Option (e) :Hypertension ```
Ans: b
160
37. Defect in the formation of Bulbus Cordis result in all of following EXCEPT? Option (a) :ASD Option (b) :VSD Option (c) :Hypertrophy of right ventricle Option (d) :Congenital cyanosis Option (e) :Transposition of great vessels
Ans: a
161
38. Regarding the vibration Sense all are correct EXCEPT: Option (a) :It is lost in Diabetes Option (b) :Its fibers are traveling in the dorsal columns Option (c) :Its receptor is Pacinian Corpuscle Option (d) :Its receptor is Meissener's corpuscle Option (e) :Is highly correspond to the bony portions
Ans: d
162
39. A patient with aplastic anemla is given Anti Lymphocytic Globulin (ALG). One week later he develops Skin rashes, mechanism for presentation? Option (a) :Arthus reaction Option (b) :Type - I Hypersensitivity Option (c) :Type - II Hypersensitivity Option (d) :Type - III Hypersensitivity Option (e) :Type - IV Hypersensitivity
Ans: d
163
``` 40. The most common site of Fertilization in humans is: Option (a) :Ovary Option (b) :Uterus Option (c) :Fallopian tube Option (d) :Cervix Option (e) :Peritoneal cavity ```
Ans: c
164
``` 41. Patients comes with deviation of tongue to right side. Decreased sense of touch and vibrations, the artery commonly involved in brain is: Option (a) :PICA Option (b) :AICA Option (c) :Anterior Spinal Option (d) :Posterior Cerebral Option (e) :Superior Cerebral Artery ```
Ans: c
165
``` 42. Most common site of malignancy in patients suffering from nuclear outbreak Option (a) :Haematopoietic Option (b) :Thyroid Option (c) :Lung Option (d) :Breast Option (e) :Bones ```
Ans: a
166
43. Least common site for ectopic pregnancy would be at: Option (a) :Ovaries Option (b) :Pouch of douglus Option (c) :Greater omentum Option (d) :Fallopian tubes Option (e) :Cervix
Ans: a
167
``` 44. Most sensitive cells to hypoxia are Option (a) :RBCs Option (b) :Neurons Option (c) :Nephrons Option (d) :WBCs Option (e) :Platelets ```
Ans: b
168
``` 45. Following is not a tumor marker: Option (a) :PALP Option (b) :CEA Option (c) :bHCG Option (d) :AFP Option (e) :Acid Phospatase ```
Ans: e
169
``` 46. tyrosine derivative does not include: Option (a) :TSH Option (b) :Adrenaline Option (c) :Nor adrnaline Option (d) :Prolactin Option (e) :Dopamine ```
Ans: d
170
``` 47. Organ having least chances of infarction: Option (a) :Lungs Option (b) :Heart Option (c) :Kidneys Option (d) :Liver Option (e) :Spleen ```
Ans: d
171
48. Least chances of renal stones is associated with: Option (a) :Hyperlipidemia Option (b) :Hyper PTH Option (c) :Hyper vit.D Option (d) :Infections Option (e) :Hyperurecemia
Ans: a
172
49. Patient with injury to left 8th cervical segment of spinal cord will not show following sign: Option (a) :Decreased sense of position Option (b) :Vibration below lesion on same side Option (c) :Extensor plantar on left side Option (d) :Dec power of muscles below the lesion on same side Option (e) :Dec sense of pain and temperature below the lesion on same side
Ans: e
173
``` 50. Patient with bone pains having normal Ca, inc Alkaline phosphatase. Most likely suffering from: Option (a) :Pagets disease Option (b) :Hyper PTH Option (c) :Hyper Vit D, Option (d) :Bone mets Option (e) :Osteomalacia ```
Ans: a
174
``` 51. Bile salts are reabsorbed from the: Option (a) :Duodenum Option (b) :Jejunum Option (c) :Ileum Option (d) Colon Option (e) Rectum ```
Ans: c
175
``` 52. In Turner syndrome, the genotype would be: Option (a) :XX Option (b) :XO Option (c) :XXY Option (d) :XY Option (e) :XYY ```
Ans: b
176
``` 53. Presence of pancreatic tissue in gastric mucosa is termed as: Option (a) :Hamartoma Option (b) :Metaplasia Option (c) :Neoplasia Option (d) :Choriostoma Option (e) :Dysplasia ```
Ans: d
177
``` 54. Patient with old history of adenocarcinoma of colon operated for polypectomy, on histologic evaluation pathologist labelled it as benign growth with no chances into malignant transformation, it would be: Option (a) :FAP Option (b) :Villous adenoma Option (c) :Tubular adenoma Option (d) :Tubulovillous Option (e) :Metaplastic polyps ```
Ans: c
178
``` 55. Man in suffering from testicular Carcinoma, the lympahtic drainage of testicle is into Option (a) :Para aortic Lymph nodes Option (b) :Pre aortic Option (c) Superficial inguinal Option (d) :Internal iliac Option (e) :External iliac Lymph nodes ```
Ans: a
179
``` 56. Mesothelioma is associated with: Option (a) :Vinyl chloride Option (b) :Silica Option (c) :Asbestos Option (d) :Copper dust Option (e) :Carbon ```
Ans: c
180
``` 57. Foetal period starts after which week: Option (a) :11th Option (b) :8th Option (c) :12th Option (d) :16th Option (e) :21st ```
Ans: b
181
``` 58. Soldier comes with heavy bleeding. The ideal fluid replacement would be: Option (a) :Packed RBCs Option (b) :Crystallines Option (c) :Colloids Option (d) :Whole blood for 3 days Option (e) :Whole blood for 18 days ```
Ans: d
182
``` 59. Vertebrae is derived from : Option (a) :Myotome Option (b) :Sclerotome Option (c) :Dermatome Option (d) :Ectoderm Option (e) :Endoderm ```
Ans: b
183
``` 60. Largest total cross-sectional and surface area is of: Option (a) :Artery Option (b) :Arterioles Option (c) :Capillaries Option (d) :Venules Option (e) :Veins ```
Ans: c
184
``` 61. Esophagus histology Option (a) :Covered by squamous ep Option (b) :Has str. sq in upper 1/3 Option (c) :Has str. sq in lower 1/3 Option (d) :Has 3 layers of muscles Option (e) :Esophageal opening acting as anatomical sphincter ```
Ans: b
185
``` 62. Structures entering thorasic inlet Option (a) :Accessory nerve Option (b) :Aorta Option (c) :Superior vena cava Option (d) :Azygous Vein Option (e) :Left recurrent laryngeal nerve ```
Ans: b
186
``` 63. Example of carrier mediated counter transport: Option (a) Na - glucose transport Option (b) :Active transport Option (c) :Passive transport Option (d) :H transport Option (e) :Diffusion ```
Ans: a
187
``` 64. Alpha recptors effects Option (a) :Inc HR Option (b) :Lipogenesis Option (c) :Midriasis Option (d) :Piloerector contraction Option (e) :Bronchodilator ```
Ans: c
188
``` 65. Hypoglycemia increases Option (a) :SSK Option (b) :Somatostatin Option (c) :Gastrin Option (d) :VIP Option (e) :Secretin ```
Ans: e
189
66. Cushing's triad: Option (a) :Inc ICP, HTN, Bradycardia Option (b) :Inc ICP, hypoTN, Bradycardia Option (c) :Inc ICP, hypoTN, Tachycardia Option (d) :Inc ICP, HTN, Tachycardia Option (e) :Dec ICP, HTN, Tachycardia
Ans: a
190
``` 67. Somatostatin dec sec of which hormone Option (a) :ADH Option (b) :Insulin Option (c) :Oxytocin Option (d) :Prolactin Option (e) :Thyroid hormone ```
Ans: b
191
``` 68. Digoxin toxicity Option (a) :Inc K Option (b) :Inc Mg Option (c) :Dec Ca Option (d) :Dec Na Option (e) :Alkalosis ```
Ans: e
192
69. Following is true regarding sterilization: Option (a) :Repeated heating denatures polyvencyl tubings Option (b) :Autoclaving is heating objects at 121 degC at 15 psi for 3min Option (c) :Radiation (UV light) Option (d) :Dry heat Option (e) :Formaldehyde
Ans: b
193
``` 70. Pt complains of chest pain for more than 30 min. ECG shows changes in V1-V4. It denotes: Option (a) :Anterior wall MI Option (b) :Anterolateral MI Option (c) :Inferior wall MI Option (d) :Lateral wall MI Option (e) :Inferior wall MI ```
Ans: a
194
``` 71. Depolarization of cell is maintained by: Option (a) :Na influx Option (b) :Ca efflux Option (c) :Ca influx Option (d) :K influx Option (e) :Na efflux ```
Ans: a
195
``` 72. Spinal cord ends at the level of lower border of: Option (a) :L2 vertebra Option (b) :L3 vertebra Option (c) :L4 vertebra Option (d) :L5 vertebra Option (e) :S1 vertebra ```
Ans: a
196
``` 73. Hyperoxia. All true except 1. Option (a) :Retrolental fibroplasia Option (b) :Atelectasis Option (c) Dec surfactant prod Option (d) :CV depression Option (e) :Anemia ```
Ans: e
197
``` 74. Pacinian corpuscles related to Option (a) :Touch Option (b) :Vibration Option (c) :Pressure Option (d) :Rapidly adapting pain Option (e) :Slowly adapting pain ```
Ans: b
198
``` 75. Drug that inc extracellular K (moves K out of the cell): Option (a) :Angiotensin Option (b) H2CO3 Option (c) :Carbonic anhydrase Option (d) :pH Option (e) :Exercise ```
Ans: a
199
``` 76. Thirst is decreased by: Option (a) :ADH Option (b) :Aldosterone Option (c) :Ag II Option (d) :Baroreceptor efferent Option (e) :Inc Hematocrit ```
Ans: d
200
``` 77. Muscle of quiet inspiration Option (a) :Diaphragm Option (b) :Rectus abdominis Option (c) :Internal intercostals Option (d) :innermost intercostals Option (e) :External intercostals ```
Ans: a
201
``` 78. Dry mouth increases all except Option (a) :Thrist Option (b) :ADH Option (c) :Ag II Option (d) :Plasma osmolarity Option (e) :Plasma vol ```
Ans: e
202
``` 79. Gastric acid is stimulated by: Option (a) :Gastrin Option (b) :CCK Option (c) :Secterin Option (d) :GIP Option (e) :VIP ```
Ans: a
203
``` 80. Which of the following fungi produce life threatening infection in patients with diabetics ketoacidosis? Option (a) :Candida Albicans Option (b) :Histoplasmosis Option (c) :Mucor Option (d) :Aspergillus Option (e) :Blastomycosis ```
Ans: c
204
81. A patient has non-reactive HBs Ag, non reactive HBe Ag & reactive anti HBc Ab. This stages of patient indication what? Option (a) :Acute infection Option (b) :Carrier Option (c) :Transient resolving stage of hepatitis Option (d) :Immunized Option (e) :Chronic active disease
Ans: c
205
``` 82. A Patient has enlaged parotid gland with pain in this region. Which nerve is carrying pain fibers from the parotid gland? Option (a) :Auricuolotemporal nerve Option (b) :Glossopharyngeal nerve Option (c) :Fascial Nerve Option (d) :Temporal nerve Option (e) :Greater auricular nurve ```
Ans: a
206
83. A Patient has anemia, hyper-segmented Neutrophils on peripheral blood examination & neurological manifestations. Which type of anemia he is suffering from? Option (a) :Folic acid deficiency anemia Option (b) :Iron deficiency anemia Option (c) :Pernicious anemia Option (d) :Thalasemia Option (e) :Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Ans: c
207
84. A young child has increased BP in upper limbs while decreased BP in lower limbs. Pulse in also week. What is the probable diagnosis? Option (a) :Preductal coarctation of aorta Option (b) :V.S.D Option (c) :Patent ductus arteriosus Option (d) :Postductal coarctation of aorta Option (e) :Transposition of great vessels
Ans: d
208
``` 85. In case of typhoid fever of 06 days. Which investigation is of first choice? Option (a) :Widal test Option (b) :Blood culture Option (c) :Typhi dot test Option (d) :Bone marrow culture Option (e) :Urine culture ```
Ans: b
209
``` 86. In a patient with diabetes, which is the best antihypertensive drug Option (a) :Captopril Option (b) :Diuretic Option (c) :Varapamil Option (d) :Propranolol Option (e) :Diltiazim ```
Ans: a
210
``` 87. Urine Examination of a patient with diabetes demonstrates. Ketone-bodies. What is the mechanism of formation of these ketone-bodies? Option (a) :Insulin deficiency Option (b) :Hyperglycemia Option (c) :Defective fat metabolism Option (d) :Hypoalbubinemia Option (e) :Defective glucose metabolism ```
Ans: a
211
``` 88. After giving blood transfusion, a patient develops hypersensitivity reaction. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is this? Option (a) :Type I Hypersensitivity Option (b) :Type II Hypersensitivity Option (c) :Type III Hypersensitivity Option (d) :Type IV Hypersensitivity Option (e) :A.D.C.C ```
Ans: b
212
``` 89. A Patient develps lesion in the Caudate nucleus. Which is most common clinical feature Indicating this lesion? Option (a) :Chorea Option (b) :Intentional Tremor Option (c) :Resting Tremor Option (d) :Hemiplagia Option (e) :Nystygmus ```
Ans: a
213
``` 90. Heme Binds with Option (a) :Albumin Option (b) :Globulin Option (c) :Hemopexin Option (d) :Heptoglobin Option (e) :Macroglobulin ```
Ans: d
214
``` 91. Best pulmonary function test for the asthma is: Option (a) :FEV - 1 Option (b) :Residual volume Option (c) :Tidal volume Option (d) :Vital capacity Option (e) :Inspiratory capacity ```
Ans: a
215
92. A pregnant lady develops pain few hours after delivery. E.C.G. shows S1, Q3 and T3. What is another investigation most appropriate for the diagnosis of this case? Option (a) :RF Option (b) :X-Ray Option (c) :Gallium Scan Option (d) :CPK Option (e) :Ultrasound
Ans: c
216
``` 93. In a patient diarrhea are corrected after the fasting. Which is most likely type of diarrhea? Option (a) :Infectious Option (b) :Psychogenic Option (c) :Osmotic Option (d) :Metabolic Option (e) :Toxic ```
Ans: c
217
94. A diabetic Patient is advised fasting blood glucose level. At what value doctor is confusing & needs further evaluation with glucose tolerance test? Option (a) :04 m mol / 1 Option (b) :05 m mol / 1 Option (c) :07 m mol / 1 Option (d) :10 m mol / 1 Option (e) :15 m mol / 1
Ans: c
218
95. A patient has Aphasia & Facial nerve palsy on same side. Which artery is most likely blocked? Option (a) :Anterior cerebral artery Option (b) :Posterior cerebral artery Option (c) :Middle cerebral artery Option (d) :Anterior division of middle cerebral artery Option (e) :Posterior division of middle cerebral artery
Ans: c
219
``` 96. A young female is having Goiter. She feels difficulty in breathing while lying down. Which type of the goiter she is having? Option (a) :Retrosternal goiter Option (b) :Malignant goiter Option (c) :Toxic goiter Option (d) :Diffuse goiter Option (e) :Simple goiter ```
Ans: a
220
``` 97. Regarding L & D sugars Option (a) :D sugar has - OH on right Option (b) :L sugar has - OH on right Option (c) :D sugar has - OH on left Option (d) :D sugar has no - OH Option (e) :L sugar has no – OH ```
Ans: a
221
``` 98. Councilman bodies are formed in the process of Option (a) :Infection Option (b) :Apoptosis Option (c) :Trauma Option (d) :Necrosis Option (e) :Atrophy ```
Ans: b
222
99. A middle aged male presents with joint pain since one week. His serum Uric Acid level is 156 mg/dl. What is the best investigation for confirmation of the disases? Option (a) :R.F Option (b) :Synovial fluid for polarized light Option (c) :Synovial fluid for Culture & Sensitivity Option (d) :X-Ray of joint. Option (e) :E.S.R
Ans: b
223
100. A patient comes to you in ill condition. His blood pH is 7.3 PCO2 is 44 mmHg & HCO3 is 17 meq/L. What diagnosis you are thinking of this patient? Option (a) :Metabolic alkalosis Option (b) :Metabolic acidosis Option (c) :Respiratory acidosis Option (d) :Compensatory acidosis Option (e) :Compensatory alkalosis
Ans: b
224
``` 101. During general anaesthesia Halothane is given in combination with which of the following drugs? Option (a) :Thiopentone Option (b) :Nitric oxide Option (c) :Enfluran Option (d) :Phenobarbital Option (e) Ketamine ```
Ans: b
225
``` 102. Most common cause of the pelvic inflammatory disease is? Option (a) :Gonococcus Option (b) :Chlamydia Option (c) :Anaerobes Option (d) :Candida albicans Option (e) :E-coli ```
Ans: b
226
103. A lady received DES during pregnancy for prevention of the abortion. Her baby will be on the risk of: Option (a) :Small cell of carcinoma Option (b) :Squamous cell carcinoma Option (c) :Carcinoma of endometrium Option (d) :Clear cell carcinoma of Vagina Option (e) :Uterine fibroid
Ans: d
227
``` 104. Prenatal chromosomal abnormality can be detected at: Option (a) :Booking Option (b) :10-12 weeks Option (c) :14-18 weeks Option (d) :After 20 weeks Option (e) :In second trimester ```
Ans: c
228
``` 105. Secondary Hyperaldosteronism can occur due to: Option (a) :Increased rennin Option (b) :Decreased rennin Option (c) :Increased potassium Option (d) :Decreased potassium Option (e) :Hypertension ```
Ans: a
229
106All of the following mechanisms are involved in development of diabetic gangrene EXCEPT? Option (a) :Trophic changes due to peripheral neuritis Option (b) :Arterioscierosis leading to reduced blood flow to foot Option (c) :Decreased neutrophil motility Option (d) :Excess sugar in tissues leads to reduced resistance to infection especially fingal infection Option (e) :Anaerobic infection is commonly encountered in this disease
Ans: b
230
107. A patient presents with dislocation of hip after an accident. Which of the following muscle group is involved? Option (a) :Gluteus Maximus + Minimus + Medius Option (b) :Only Gluteus medius Option (c) :Only Gluteus Maximus Option (d) :Gluteus Maximus + Medius Option (e) :Only Gluteus Minimus
Ans: a
231
``` 108. A patient has history of recurrent abortion. Which of the following enzyme analysis will give help to diagnosis? Option (a) :Estrogen Option (b) :Progesterone Option (c) :L.H & F.S.H Option (d) :H.C.G Option (e) :Testosterone ```
Ans: b
232
109. A patient presents with secondary amenorrhea. One year back she has history of P.P.H for that she received six pints of blood what is most probable caused of her menstrual problem? Option (a) :Pituitary Tumor Option (b) :Sheehan's syndrome Option (c) :Addison's disease Option (d) :Adrenal cortex adenoma Option (e) :Psychological problem
Ans: b
233
``` 110. A patient presents with recurrent Rhinitis with Urticaria & Rashes. Which of the following is most probably diagnosis? Option (a) :Type - I Hypersensivity Option (b) :Type - II Hypersensivity Option (c) :Viral Infection (d) :Arthus Reaction Option (e) :Cell mediated reaction ```
Ans: a
234
``` 111. A 60 years old women is brought with bleeding per vagina. She is diabetic & hypertensive & one year back she was diagnosed as having carcinoma of breast. What can be most probable diagnosis for this bleeding p/v? Option (a) :Carcinoma of colon Option (b) :Carcinoma of endometrium Option (c) :Endometrial Hyperplasia Option (d) :Carcinoma of cervix Option (e) :Cervical erosion ```
Ans: a
235
112. A Patient is suffering from carcinoma of rectum. He develops pain in the posterior aspect of thing due to involvement of nerve. Which nerve supplies the posterior aspect of thigh & that can be involved in the malignancy of rectum? Option (a) :Lumbosacral trunk Option (b) :Sacral nerves Option (c) :Obturator nerve Option (d) :Superior hypo gastric plexus Option (e) :Inferior hypo gastric plexus
Ans: b
236
113. A semiconscious patient is brought to emergency department. He has history of taking some unknown drug. NaHCO2 reverses the action of drug. Which drug he has most likely taken? Option (a) :Phenobarbital Option (b) :Phenothiazine Option (c) :Morphine Option (d) :Diazepam Option (e) :Alcohal
Ans: a
237
114. A lady with 26 weeks gestation has uterine height of 24 weeks. On sonography there is no fetus & snowstorm appearance. Which of the following probably associate with it? Option (a) :Choriocarcinoma Option (b) :Karyotype-46XX Option (c) :47XX Option (d) :69XXX Option (e) :45XO
Ans: b
238
``` 115. Normal female pelvis has: Option (a) :Deeper inlet Option (b) :Inturned spine Option (c) :Narrow outlet Option (d) :Round outlet Option (e) :Oval inlet ```
Ans: e
239
``` 116. The ascent of horse shoe shaped kidney is prevented by: Option (a) :External iliac artery Option (b) :Internal iliac artery Option (c) :Superior mesenteric artery Option (d) :inferior vena cava Option (e) :inferior mesenteric artery ```
Ans: e
240
``` 117. Which of the following is characteristic of polycystic ovary disease: Option (a) :Increased L.H Option (b) :Increased F.S.H Option (c) :Decreased L.H Option (d) :Decreased F.S.H Option (e) :No change in hormones ```
Ans: a
241
118. A 20 - Week pregnant lady has blood pressure 140/95. She complains of vomiting & headache. What is the probable diagnosis of the condition? Option (a) :Appendicitis Option (b) :Pregnancy induced hypertension Option (c) :Oligohydramnios Option (d) :Raised intracranialpressure Option (e) :Pregnancy induced DM
Ans: b
242
119. Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers? Option (a) :Third, Fourth, Ninth, Tenth Option (b) :Third, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth Option (c) :Second, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth Option (d) :Third, Seventh, Ninth, Tenth Option (e) :Fifth, Sixth, Tenth, Eleventh
Ans: d
243
122. Milk is notoriously deficient in (a) vit A (b) Riboflavin (c) Iron (d) pantothenic acid (e) vit C
Ans. d
244
``` 122. A patient is unable to extend his metacarpophalyngeal joint, abduct and extend his thumb, sensation is intact, which nerve is damaged Options (a) radial nerve (b) post interosseous nerve (c) ulnar nerve (d) median nerve (e) musculocutaneous nerve ```
Ans. A
245
121. Nerve injured in anterior dislocation of shoulder joint is Options (a) musculocutaneous (b) axillary (c) median (d) radial (e) suprascapular
Ans. A
246
``` 120. Patient comes with deviation of tongue to the right side, decreased sense of touch and vibration, the artery commonly involved in brain is Option (a) PICA (b) AICA (c) anterior spinal (d) posterior cerebral (e) superior cerebral artery. ```
Ans. C
247
1. Potassium is mainly regulated by -
Aldosterone.
248
2. Tip of scapula at level –
T7.
249
3. Oblique fissure of the lung at level -
T3 to T6 Costochondral.
250
4. Decussation of medial lemniscus -
Internal Arcuate Fibers.
251
5. Superficial temporal artery relation with which nerve -
Auriculotemporal nerve.
252
6. Correct about Thyroid gland -
lymph drainage to deep cervical lymph nodes.
253
7. Anemic hypoxia occur in –
Methemoglobinemia.
254
8. In cerebral circulation brain arteries -
Do not anastomose once entered in the brain (controvertial).
255
9. Phase 1 of transformation of drug metabolism –
Oxidation.
256
10. Standard deviation shows -
Variability of individual observation.
257
11. Counseling in patients is -
To help themselves.
258
12. A young girl who is going to die and asks you “Am I going to die?” Doctor response should be –
“What your parents have told you?”
259
13. In whole wheat –
Thiamine.
260
14. Cholesterol enriched diet –
Egg.
261
15. Origin of peroxisomes –
SER.
262
16. Organelle where protein combines with carbohydrates, packed and released -
Golgi complex.
263
17. Correct about DNA –
Euchromatin is transcriptionally active.
264
18. ADPKD associated with –
Renal failure (vs) Cerebral haemorrhage (controversial) here most probable Renal failure.
265
19. Cause of delay in healing –
Infections.
266
20. PaO2 decreased, PCO2 increased, hydrogen ion increased; manifestation (looked like kind of COPD) –
Hypoventilation.
267
21. PCO2 31, HCO3 19, pH increased (Metabolic alkalosis scenario) -
Hyperventilation
268
22. Person with tachycardia, and heat intolerance with low level of TSH, on giving TRH; level of TSH and thyroid hormones increases. Diagnosis –
Hyperthyroidism with thyroid problem.
269
23. Origin of oxytocin and ADH –
Hypothalamus.
270
24. Difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation -
Low resistance in pulmonary circulation.
271
25. Mean systemic filling pressure is regulated by -
Venous return.
272
26. Systolic pressure is directly related to which one of the following –
Renin.
273
27. ADH responds to –
Osmolarity.
274
28. Osmoreceptors –
ADH.
275
29. Right border of heart on X-ray also visible a part of –
SVC.
276
30. In MI sensitive cardio marker –
Tropinin T.
277
31. Diabetic nephropathy investigation -
Urine albumin.
278
32. Young boy with generalized edema and proteinuria -
Lesion of basement membrane.
279
33. Lesion of parasympathetic system affects mostly -
GI muscles.
280
34. Stress hormone of our body -
ACTH.
281
35. S2 sound heard on -
Closure of aortic and pulmonary valve.
282
36. A patient with history hemorrhage (trauma) receives a bag stored for 2 weeks mainly contains –
RBCs.
283
37. Due to inspiration –
Decreased negative intrapleural pressure.
284
38. Important buffer of blood -
HCO3-.
285
39. Max increase in ECF due to infusion of -
Hypertonic NaCl.
286
40. Auscultation of tricuspid valve best heard at –
Right lower end of the body of sternum.
287
41. GVE vagus nerve for preganglionic fiber arises from –
Dorsal nucleus.
288
42. Thorn prick in left lower limb caused abscess -
Staph aureus.
289
43. Diabetic female after abdominal surgery; dyspnea and cough -
Pulmonary embolism.
290
44. MCC of pulmonary embolism –
DVT.
291
45. Typhoid fever 1st week test – | 46. Typhoid fever 2nd week test –
Blood culture | Blood culture and Widal test.
292
47. Typical feature of falciparum -
Black water fever.
293
48. Alcoholic patient with deranged LFTs; on biopsy –
Mallory bodies.
294
49. Councilman bodies seen in –
Apoptosis.
295
50. Natural self-defense against tumors –
Apoptosis.
296
51. P53 gene absent results in -
cell survival.
297
52. Pain mediator -
Bradykinins
298
53. Metaplasia –
Functional change in cells.
299
54. Female with infection of HPV, comes after 2 years, Pap smear shows prominent nucleoli and increased nucleus size –
Dysplasia.
300
55. Gas exchange occur -
Simple squamous epithelial layer
301
56. Patient with granulomatous disease, biopsy done. Microscopic finding that suggests TB –
Epitheloid cells.
302
57. The spindle fibers will decrease in discharge of impulses when -
Muscle contracts (vs) When efferent gamma discharge occurs. (controversial) here most probable “muscle contracts”
303
58. Diagnosis for leprosy, initial investigation -
Nasal scrapping.
304
59. Benign neoplasm –
Adenoma.
305
61. When adrenaline release from medulla, causes vasodilation by acting on -
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors.
306
62. Increased GFR and increased plasma flow occur due to -
Dilation of afferent arteriole.
307
63. Characteristic of cerebellar lesion -
Dymetria
308
64. Emax of a drug depends on –
Efficacy
309
65. Study in which every person of a population has equal chances of being selected –
Random sampling.
310
66. Amniocenthesis is done -
After 14th weeks.
311
67. 1st response against acute inflammation in tissue –
Macrophages.
312
68. In dark granules containing cells; IgE attaches to –
Basophils.
313
69. Opsonization -
C3b.
314
70. Exudate -
more than 3g of proteins.
315
71. About active transport of drug all are true except -
All drugs pass via active transport.
316
72. Pulmonary artery supply to –
Alveoli.
317
73. Muscles of back innervated by -
Dorsal rami.
318
74. In young boy dyspnea produced on lying -
Retrosternal goiter.
319
75. Most important cause of bronchogenic cancer –
Smoking.
320
76. Edema caused by - | 77. Edema caused by -
Increased hydrostatic pressure. | Lymphatic blockage.
321
78. BP 210/180mmHg and creatinine 8% damaged part –
Juxtaglomerular apparatus.
322
78. BP 210/180mmHg and creatinine 8% damaged part –
Juxtaglomerular apparatus.
323
79. Female with blood group A, have 2 children; one with O and other with AB, blood group of father is –
B.
324
80. Genetically true hermaphrodite –
XX/XY.
325
81. DNA replication occur in –
Interphase.
326
82. Glycogenolysis caused by deficiency of which hormone -
Insulin
327
83. Investigation for liver amoebic abscess – .
Serology
328
84. Surgery of submandibular gland; nerve damaged -
marginal mandibular branch of facial.
329
85. On posterior surface of oblique and transversalis fascia -
Arcuate line.
330
86. Aspirin overdose causes –
Coma.
331
87. Cardiac output measurement via thermodilution –
Temperature change downstream with CO.
332
88. Father with defective gene on one autosomal chromosome, develops disease later in his life; chances of getting disease in children –
Half of the children will be affected.
333
89. If left circumflex artery occluded -
Infarction of left atrium and left ventricle.
334
90. MCC of multiple fractures in adult –
Osteoporosis.
335
91. Patient with fracture of many bones and low BP immediate treatment -
Volume replacement.
336
92. Most common fracture of long bone -
Tibia.
337
93. Collagen fibers –
Eosin stain
338
94. Gamma efferent supply to –
Intrafusal muscle spindles.
339
95. Micturition –
Self generating.
340
96. Hallmark of HIV –
Proliferation of virus in T-Cells.
341
97. 1g protein gives energy –
4 kcalories.
342
98. Isotonic and isometric contraction difference is that isotonic contraction –
consumes more phosphate bond.
343
99. Autonomic nervous system –
parasympathetic increase salivary secretion.
344
100. Protrusion of mandible –
Lateral pterygoid.
345
101. After feeding the baby, diarrhea develops –
Gastrocolic reflex.
346
102. Both sides of 5th posterior intercostal spaces is supplied by -
Thoracic aorta.
347
103. 2 years old child with medially rotated arm lesion in -
Upper trunk.
348
104. Female with uterus cancer which travels to labia majora following which route -
Round ligament.
349
105. Pain in epigastrium due to ulcer, transmitted by -
Greater splanchnic nerve.
350
106. Vesicular lesion on the tip of nose and eyelid -
Ophthalmic nerve.
351
107. Patient can’t abduct till 30 degree, which muscle is responsible –
Supraspinatus.
352
108. Nerve supply to plantar surface of foot -
Posterior tibial.
353
109. Medial arcuate ligament –
Psoas major muscle.
354
110. Bitemporal hemianopia due to lesion of -
Central part of optic chiasm.
355
111. Ventral spinothalamic tract -
Coarse touch and pressure.
356
112. Dorsal column –
Proprioception.
357
113. Vibration and touch via -
White matter of posterior spinal cord.
358
114. Function of notochord -
Induction of ectodermal neural plate to produce neural tube.
359
115. Midbrain reticular system –
Unusual stimulus causes arousal.
360
116. Most radiosensitive tumor –
Medulloblastoma.
361
117. Hormone increased during sleep as compare to at day wakefulness –
Cortisol.
362
118. In Trigeminal neuralgia anesthesia given to block trigeminal ganglion at which site -
Middle cranial fossa.
363
119. Patient with intentional tremors and facial paralysis lesion at –
Cerebellopontine angle.
364
120. Opioids produces vomiting by acting on -
Chemo trigger zone in medulla.
365
121. Patient working in mine with tuberculin test positive. Cough, fever, weight loss with hilar lymphadenopathy –
Silicosis.
366
123. Neoplastic cells with continuous mitosis due to persistence of –
Telomerase.
367
125. During exercise increased blood supply to muscles -
Local metabolites.
368
126. Action of steroids as anti-inflammatory is due to -
Inhibiting phospholipase.
369
127. Intermediate filaments staining with immunofluorescence to diagnose –
Carcinoma.
370
128. VPL nucleus of thalamus when damaged cause –
somatosensory loss of contralateral body.
371
129. Thiazide diuretic cause –
Hypokalemia.
372
130. Man living on side of a river, got blindness from nematode; organism -
Onchocerca volvulus.
373
131. MCC of HTN –
Idiopathic.
374
132. Adult female with breast atrophy due to decrease in –
Estrogen.
375
133. Female with hirsutism, galactorrhea, infrequent heavy menstrual cycle. U/S both ovaries with cystic lesions and LH:FSH :
: 3:1 - PCOD
376
134. Female with hot flushes -
Increase FSH and LH.
377
135. Injection of atropine will cause -
Dryness of mouth.
378
136. Female with severe loss of vibration, Investigation of choice -
Stomach biopsy.
379
137. Child with yellow sclera and colored urine, best Investigation -
Bilirubin and ALT.
380
138. Female with weakness and lethargy with RBCs 5.5 diameter and very thin red line of RBC in peripheral smear -
Microcytic hypochromic anemia.
381
139. Monitoring of Hep B –
Serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase.
382
140. Female with reactive anti HBe and reactive total anti HBc along with non-reactive HB IgM and non-reactive HepBs Ag -
Acute recovery phase.
383
141. Patient with obstruction jaundice; now bleeding cause -
Vit K deficiency.
384
142. Investigation of Hashimoto thyroiditis –
Antimicrosomal and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.
385
143. Cimetidine interaction with warfarin causes -
Decrease hepatic clearance of warfarin.
386
144. Patient using some anti-coagulant, how will you know that anticoagulant is warfarin because it is being monitored by –
PT.
387
145. BP drops from 100mmHg to 70mmHg –
Decrease in carotid sinus nerve activity.
388
146. Erythropoietin is secreted via –
Mesangial cells.
389
147. Patient with all symptoms of Cushing along with increased ACTH cause -
Cushing disease.
390
149. PaO2 is 100% in -
Left to right shunt.
391
150. Kallmann syndrome –
Gene defect in Kal1 gene.
392
151. Diplamotoylphosphatidyl choline + carbohydrate + proteins is a content of –
Surfactant.
393
152. In asthma -
Decrease FEV1.
394
153. Splenectomy is most useful in -
Hereditary spherocytosis.
395
154. Findings in glycogen storage diseases -
Hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia.
396
155. Corynebacterium diphtheria produces –
Exotoxins.
397
156. Common specie of Corynebacterium affecting human is –
Diphtheriae.
398
157. Typical symptom of food intoxication by Clostridium botulinum -
Flaccid paralysis.
399
158. CSF with increased proteins and polymorphs with decrease glucose the drug of choice –
Ceftriaxone.
400
159. About the pharmacology of Neiserria gonorrhea -
Pencilin G.
401
160. Major histocompatibility is related to –
HLA.
402
161. Kidney is transplanted, gets cyanosed in 10 minutes, type of reaction -
Antibody mediated.
403
162. A child with Agammaglobulinemia is prone to -
Pyogenic infections.
404
163. Diagnostic criteria for sarcoma -
Increased vascularity (Rabia Ali) / Pleomorphism (Tumor books).
405
164. Soldier coming down from height, now with discoloration of fingers, dyspnea -
Secondary polycythemia.
406
165. Vitamin D acts on intestinal mucosa via -
expression of genes.
407
166. Release of neurotransmitter due to -
Influx of calcium in presynaptic fiber.
408
167. Calcium influx via slow channels in ventricle cells causes -
Ventricular ejection.
409
168. Increased ‘a’ wave in JVP due to -
Tricuspid stenosis.
410
169. Person with HR 80/min, on ECG RR interval would be -
0.75 sec.
411
170. Class III Antiarrhythmics –
Amiodarone.
412
171. Increased ASO titer -
Rheumatic fever.
413
172. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy –
Myocytes disarray.
414
173. 5 month of pregnancy, lady with thyrotoxicosis, drug of choice –
Methimazol (2nd & 3rd Trimester) / PTU (1st trimester).
415
174. 30 years old smoker, psychotic, vomiting of fluid with visible peristaltic movements on abdomen cause -
Pyloric stenosis.
416
175. Myenteric system of parasympathetic is potentiated by –
Ach.
417
176. Pethidine is preferred over Morphine – .
Fast acting
418
178. Male with fever upper lobe consolidation, fever from last 3, productive cough, AST 135 and ALT 111, alkaline phosphatase normal, bilirubin 10, he died on autopsy weight of liver increase and with fat droplets seen on hepatocytes. Diagnosis -
Chronic alcoholic disease.
419
179. Alpha 2 macroglobulin inhibit –
Trypsin
420
181. Highest potential difference in the wall of stomach is when –
Aspirin ingestion.
421
182. Calculate Alveolar ventilation where Tidal volume is 500ml/respiration.
RR 10 - 3500ml/min
422
183. Calculate Clearance where Urinary flow 20 ml/min, Concentration of substance in urine 10 and Plasma 10 –
20ml/min.
423
184. Excessive eversion of foot damaged which structure -
Rupture of deltoid ligament.
424
185. About descending aorta -
starts at T4 on left side.
425
186. Counterpart of Mullerin tubercle -
Seminal colliculus.
426
187. Histology of cornea -
Stratified squamous non-keratinized.
427
188. Left shift of HbO2 curve -
CO poisoning.
428
189. Humans are intermediate host in -
Hydatid cyst.
429
190. Clot retraction is mediated by –
Thrombosthenin
430
191. In late pregnancy the uterus is most sensitive to –
Oxytocin.
431
192. About bicep brachialis muscle –
attaches to supraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
432
193. Hyper-resonance is mostly heard at –
T2-T4 of right midclavicular line.
433
194. Conus medullaris terminates in neonates at the level of –
L3
434
195. Cimetidine is used preoperatively –
Inhibits H2 receptors competitively.
435
196. Nursing mother with herpes labialis, drug of choice –
Acyclovir.
436
197. PO4 increased, Calcium decreased and PTH increased –
Chronic Renal Failure.
437
198. Labetalol acts on –
Alpha and Beta receptors.
438
200. Tumor screening test is for -
Early diagnosis of a disease.
439
DURING EXERCISE: ☆ Inadequate blood supply: ☆ Inadequate O2 delivery: ☆ Minimum change in blood flow:
Kidneys Skeletal muscles Brain
440
☆ Estrogen in Reproductive years ☆ Estrogen in pregnancy: ☆ Estrogen in menopause:
(when a woman is like a doll) ESTRADIOL --- Doll (di - girl n boy) ESTRIOL --- (tri - mom, dad, child) ESTRIONE --- (one - woman becomes single again)
441
``` Estrogen containing OCPs: ☆ Inc risk of High Estrogen containing OCPs: ☆ Inc risk of Low Estrogen containing OCPs: ☆ Inc risk of ```
Thromboembolism > Breast CA endometrial CA Hepatic Adenoma
442
1)Best way to measure gfr = 2) best way to estimate gfr = 3) best way to measure renal plasma / blood flow = 4 ) clinically by 5) highest renal clearance =
1)Best way to measure gfr =inulin Clearance 2) best way to estimate gfr = creatinine clearance 3) best way to measure renal plasma / blood flow = PAH 4 ) clinically by creatinine 5) highest renal clearance = pah
443
``` ECG ☻P Wave → ☻ Q → ☻ R → ☻ S → ☻ T → ☻ U → ```
ECG ☻P Wave → Atrial Depolarization ☻ Q → Septal Depolarization ☻ R → Early Vent. depolarization (potential travelling to apex of vents) ☻ S → Late Vent. depolarization (Potential travelling to base of vents) ☻ T → Vent. repolarization ☻ U → Delayed repolarization of Purkinje system or papillary muscles
444
☆ Premalignant change in mouth: ☆ Premalignant Condition: ☆ Premalignant Lesion (Most common): ☆ Premalignant Lesion (Most lethal): ☆ Bettlenut chewing:.
``` ☆ Premalignant change in mouth: Chronic ulcer ☆ Premalignant Condition: Lichen planus ☆ Premalignant Lesion (Most common): Leukoplakia ☆ Premalignant Lesion (Most lethal): Erythroplakia ☆ Bettlenut chewing:. Submucosal fibrosis ```
445
☆ Giant cell --- ☆ Osteosarcoma --- ☆ Ewing sarcoma --- ☆ Osteoblastoma ---
``` GEOMED pneumonic ☆ Giant cell --- Epiphysis ☆ Osteosarcoma --- Metaphysis ☆ Ewing sarcoma --- Diaphysis ☆ Osteoblastoma --- Vertebral bodies ```
446
Epiphyseal Lesions:
☆ Giant cell tumor ☆ Chondroblastoma ☆ Chondrosarcoma
447
TYPHOID FEVER INVESTIGATIONS: - 1stweek = - 2ndweek = - 3rdweek = - 4thweek =
``` TYPHOID FEVER INVESTIGATIONS: MNEMONIC BASU to memorize ie B=Blood, A=Antibody, S=Stool, U=Urine -1stweek = blood culture -2ndweek = antibody/widal -3rdweek = stool -4thweek = urine culture ```
448
🌟Barbodies diagnostic for........ 🌟Barbodies absent in............ 🌟Scanty Barbodies present in..... 🌟Presence of single barbodies diagonstic for...... 🌟Total x chromosome minus one is the number of bar bodies for example in xxx there are 2 bar bodies
🌟Barbodies diagnostic for........Turner 🌟Barbodies absent in............Turner 🌟Scanty Barbodies present in.....Turnere(because of mosaic pattern) 🌟Presence of single barbodies diagonstic for......Klinefelter's(as klinefilter ve one barbody...xxy) 🌟Total x chromosome minus one is the number of bar bodies for example in xxx there are 2 bar bodies
449
``` LYSOSOMES: • Arise from • Contain • Cause degradation of • Uterus and breast regress after pregnancy by • On H & E stain: ```
LYSOSOMES: • Arise from Golgi apparatus • Contain hydrolases • Cause degradation of unfolded proteins • Uterus and breast regress after pregnancy by lysosomes • On H & E stain: hollow structure around nuclei\
450
PEROXISOMES • Originate from • Contain • membrane
PEROXISOMES • Originate from SER • Contain OXIDASE, H2O2 AND CATALASE • Single membrane
451
CENTRIOLE
• Microtubules
452
``` RER • Function? • Continuous with • = • of cell • ```
``` RER • Protein synthesis • Continuous with nuclear membrane • =Nissle bodies • Basophilia of cell • Absent in axon hillock ```
453
SER • Function? • Giver • Contain
SER • Detoxification of drugs • Giver peroxisomes • Contain Calcium
454
GOLGI COMPLEX • • vesicles • arise here
GOLGI COMPLEX • Binds carbohydrate with protein, enclose them in vesicles and release • Secretary vesicles • Lysosomes arise here
455
NUCLEOLUS • • Site of
NUCLEOLUS • No limiting membrane • Site of RNA synthesis and assembly
456
DOUBLE MEMBRANE ORGANELLES | • …>…..>
DOUBLE MEMBRANE ORGANELLES | • Nucleus…>Mitochondria…..>Golgi complex
457
CYTOSKELETON 1. Cytoskeleton which connects ECM to ICM = 2. Cytoskeleton connected to ECM = 3. ECM connected to ICM through =
CYTOSKELETON 1. Cytoskeleton which connects ECM to ICM = Intermediate filament 2. Cytoskeleton connected to ECM = Proteoglycan 3. ECM connected to ICM through = Integrin
458
``` REGARDING THIRST...!! Thirst Is Is Increased By. . _______ in Angi0tensin 2 ________in blood v0lume ________in osmolarity ________of m0uth. _______[[in ADH.. . ``` ``` THIRST is decreased by. . ________distensi0n. ________in ADH, _________in Angi0tensin2, _________in BP. __________in blood volume. (Reference Guyton) ```
``` REGARDING THIRST...!! Thirst Is Is Increased By. . increase in Angi0tensin 2 decrease in blood v0lume incerease in osmolarity drynes of m0uth. Increase in ADH.. . ``` ``` THIRST is decreasd by. . Gastric distensi0n. Decrease in ADH, Angi0tensin2, Increase in BP. Increase in blood volume. (Reference Guyton) ```
459
Dialysis mai kiya cheezain increase hoge aur kiya decrease?
DIALYSING FLIUD ME SIRF GLUCOSE AND BICARBONATES INCREASE HUN GAY PLASMA FLUID K MUQABILAY ME ... BAQI SUB KUCH DECREASE HOGA...
460
radiosensitivity | > >
radiosensitivity | seminoma > glial glioma > craniopharyngioma
461
♧highest ☆ TG = ☆ cholesterol = ☆ protiens =
♧highest ☆ TG = chylomic > VLDL ☆ cholesterol = LDL ☆ protiens = HDL
462
Granuloma===Characteristic cells===
Granuloma===Characteristic cells===Epitheloid cells
463
1) Most effectve antiTb drug= 2) Most bactericidal antiTb drug= 3) Most toxic antiTB drug= 4) AntiTb DruG causing rapid sputum conversion= 5) Orange urine= 6) ist to develop resiatnce= 7) Drug contraindicated in all categories of dots= 8) injectble antiTb drug= 9) OPTIC neuritis by= 10) Vestibular damge= 11) Drug with only bacteriostatc=
1) Most effectve antiTb drug=Rifampicin 2) Most bactericidal antiTb drug=Rifapicin 3) Most toxic antiTB drug=IsoNiaxid 4) AntiTb DruG causing rapid sputum conversion=Isoniaxid 5) Orange urine=Rifampicin 6) ist to develop resiatnce=ISONIAXID 7) Drug contraindicated in all categories of dots=INH+Rifampicin 8) injectble antiTb drug=Rifampicin 9) OPTIC neuritis by=Ethambutol 10) Vestibular damge=Streptomycin 11) Drug with only bacteriostatc=Ethambutol
464
1. inferior thyroid artery ligation... 2. Superior thyroid artery ligation... 3. Thyroidectomy.. 4. Thyroidectomy with vocal cord damage.... 5. Tracheostomy...
1. inferior thyroid artery ligation...damage recurrent laryngeal nerves 2. Superior thyroid artery ligation...damage external larngeal 3. Thyroidectomy...damage external laryngeal 4. Thyroidectomy with vocal cord damage....damage recurrent laryngeal 5. Tracheostomy...recurrent laryngeal
465
``` ☆Pus = penile urethra ☆Bus = bulbar urethra = ☆Mud = membranous urethra ```
``` ☆Pus = penile urethra superfascial pouch/scrotum ✔🍕 ☆Bus = bulbar urethra = sup pouch ☆Mud = membranous urethra deep pouch ```
466
1 REST Max blood flow at rest= Max bld flow/ 100gm at rest
``` 1 REST Max blood flow at rest= 1.liver(1500ml) 2.kidneys(1260 ml) Max bld flow/ 100gm at rest 1st.carotid bodies 2nd.kidney ```
467
EXERCISE= Max bld supply = least bld supply(not according to demand)= Least oxyegen supply(not according to demand)=
EXERCISE= Max bld supply =Skeletal muscle least bld supply(not according to demand)=kidneys Least oxyegen supply(not according to demand)=skeletal muscles
468
cystinuria | cystinemia
cystinuria b6 | cystinemia b12
469
Implant removed,fluid leaking,type of cells..... Implant removed,,no leaking,type of cells.... Implant not removed,,leaking of fluid present,type of cells........ Implant removed,,leaking of fluid plus signs of inflammation,type of cells..... Implant not removed,,no leaking but there is tenderness r other signs of inflammation,type of cells........
Implant removed,fluid leaking,type of cells.....Giant cells Implant removed,,no leaking,type of cells.....Giant cells Implant not removed,,leaking of fluid present,type of cells........Giant cells Implant removed,,leaking of fluid plus signs of inflammation,type of cells.....Neutrophils Implant not removed,,no leaking but there is tenderness r other signs of inflammation,type of cells........Neutrophills
470
🐠apex of heart/mitral value-
🐠apex of heart/mitral value-5th intercoastal space
471
🐠greater splanchnic nerve-
🐠greater splanchnic nerve-T5-T9 sym ganglia
472
🐠body of sternum-
🐠body of sternum-T5to T9 vertebra
473
🐠manubrium Sterni- | 🐠sternal angle-
🐠manubrium Sterni-T3&T4 | 🐠sternal angle-T4&T5
474
🐠isthmus of thyroid gland-
🐠isthmus of thyroid gland-2nd through 4th tracheal rings
475
🐠bifurcation of common carotid artery
🐠C3-C4:bifurcation of common carotid artery
476
🐠thyroid cartilage
🐠C4 &C5-thyroid cartilage
477
🐠cricoid cartilage
🐠C6-cricoid cartilage
478
🐠begining of trachea
🐠C6-begining of trachea
479
🐠spinal cord termination in adults in New borns
🐠spinal cord termination L1 in adults L3 in New borns
480
🐠left renal vein-
🐠left renal vein-L2
481
🐠transpyloric plane- | 🐠celiac trunk-
🐠transpyloric plane-L1 | 🐠celiac trunk-L1 superior border
482
🐠nipple in male-
🐠nipple in male-4th intercoastal space in midclavicular line
483
🐠tricuspid valve-
🐠tricuspid valve-right lower sternum
484
🐠pulmonary valve-
🐠pulmonary valve-left 2nd intercoastal space medial
485
🐠umbilicus(in supine/recumbent position)-
🐠umbilicus(in supine/recumbent position)-disc between L3-L4
486
✅Hypertension.. name the affected cell?
✅Hypertension..JG cells affected
487
✅most common cause of neoplasm
✅Protooncogen overexpression most common cause of neoplasm
488
✅Nerve supply extensors of trunk
✅Dorsal rami supply extensors of trunk
489
✅Lens Important fact!
✅Lens never regenerate
490
✅Heart contractility depends upon
✅Heart contractility depends upon calcium ions
491
✅BPS airated by
✅BPS airated by tertiary brochus
492
✅quick way to check gonococcus
✅Gram staining quick way to check gonococcus
493
✅Olfactory cells
✅Olfactory cells biopolar neurons
494
✅Adh via
✅Adh via v1 causes sm consriction in arterioles Gq
495
✅Infraorbital artery branch of_________
✅Infraorbital artery branch of maxillary artery
496
✅Xx+pseudohermaphrodism?
✅Xx+pseudohermaphrodism androgenitql syndrome
497
✅Rt main bronchus lengh
✅Rt main bronchus lenghth 2.5
498
✅Platlets infusion contraindicated in __________
✅Platlets infusion contraindicated in spleenomegaly
499
✅In venous blood rbcs have __________
✅In venous blood rbcs have more hco3
500
✅Shortening of chromosome >
✅Shortening of chromosome > transcriptase
501
✅Normal resp cycle?
✅Normal resp cycle | 2sec ins 3 sec exp
502
✅Pressure is dissipated at ______________
✅Pressure is dissipated at arteriolar arterioles
503
✅6th post mi day Most common complication?
✅6th post mi day pericardial temponade common
504
✅Highest Mg stores in?
✅Highest Mg stores in bones
505
✅________________cause of ulcers in diabetics
✅Angiopathy neuropathy cause of ulcers in diabetics
506
✅Edema of kidney origin cause?
✅Edema of kidney origin albuminuria and na retension
507
✅Tubercle of bacili cells comes from ___________?
✅Tubercle of bacili cells comes from monocytes
508
✅Cristmas factor b>
✅Cristmas factor b> factor ix
509
✅Primordial germ cells derived from _______?
✅Primordial germ cells derived from endoderm
510
✅Kidney derived from ___________?
✅Kidney derived from intermediate mesoderm
511
✅ureteric bud derived from?
✅ureteric bud derived from caudal end of mesonephric duct
512
✅fisherman with ecchymosis on lips caused by?
✅fisherman with ecchymosis on lips caused by vit c def
513
✅Trisomy 21?
✅Trisomy 21 robertsonion translocation
514
✅ most common cause of PID
✅chlamydia most common cause of PID
515
✅uv prolapsed complication >
✅uv prolapsed complication > chronic discharge and metaplasia
516
✅sorbitol is an?
✅sorbitol is an alcohal sugar
517
✅in deep inspiration dead space?
✅in deep inspiration dead space does not change
518
✅graft versus host disease is an example of?
✅graft versus host disease is an example of apoptosis
519
✅serotonin and epinephrine are mainly metabolized by?
✅serotonin and epinephrine are mainly metabolized by MAO
520
✅proteinuria leads to?
✅proteinuria leads to russel bodies formation
521
✅virulence of bacteria depends upon?
✅virulence of bacteria depends upon type of toxin
522
✅inc in stroma and dec in glands is?
✅inc in stroma and dec in glands is atrophy
523
✅nociceptive afferents terminate in?
✅nociceptive afferents terminate in post gray column
524
✅dorsal colum enter in?
✅dorsal colum enter in dorsal gray horn
525
✅only protein diet >
✅only protein diet > inc glucagon
526
✅gaba mediates _______ effect
✅gaba mediates anxiolytic effect
527
✅parasympathetic imp fact?
✅parasympathetic 75% by vagus
528
✅sphingomyelin does not contain?
✅sphingomyelin does nit contain glycerol
529
✅volume of distribution:
✅volume of distribution:dose upon concentration
530
✅strongest antimiscarinic effect
✅thioridazone has strongest antimiscarinic effect
531
✅inc resp in pregnancy>
✅inc resp in pregnancy> progesterone
532
✅bradykinin >. >
✅bradykinin > polypeptide > vasodilation
533
✅cervical spine what is missing?
✅cervical spine lateral horn is missing
534
✅peroxisomes function?
✅peroxisomes long chain fattay acids oxidation
535
✅whole wheat source of?
✅whole wheat source of thiamine
536
✅1litre urine contains NACL =
✅1litre urine contains NACL =2-6 gm/litre
537
✅miscele function?
✅miscele carry products of TAG digestion to small intestine epithelium
538
✅surfactant forms
✅surfactant forms macromolecular layer between water molecules
539
✅endogenous muscle relaxant is
✅endogenous muscle relaxant is endorphin
540
✅________ is effect of atropine on cns
✅restlessness is effect of atropine on cns
541
✅swallowing of bronchial secretions is??
✅swallowing of bronchial secretions is parasympathetic action
542
✅slow pain
✅slow pain substance p
543
✅fast pain
✅fast pain glutamate
544
✅stimulatory neurotransmitter in cerebellum is
✅stimulatory neurotransmitter in cerebellum is glutamate
545
✅___________ is the only stimulatory layer of cerebellum
✅granular layer is the only stimulatory layer of cerebellum
546
✅clostridium does not produce
✅clostridium does not produce endotoxin
547
✅HLA gene on chromosome
✅HLA gene on chromosome 6
548
✅ hormone which is congo stained
✅calcitonin congo stained
549
_______ related to biceps femoris laterall
✅CPN related to biceps femoris laterall
550
✅ major role in parturation
✅fetal cortisol major role in parturation
551
✅antidepressants:
✅antidepressants:seizures
552
✅distributiok curve :
✅distributiok curve :mean and standard deviation
553
✅nucleus is continuous with
✅nucleus is continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulumn
554
✅histones have _____ and ______
✅histones have arginine and lysine
555
✅acetylcholine not released at
✅acetylcholine not released at postganglionic nerves to vasoconstricting muscles
556
✅Folia seen in
✅Folia seen in cerebellum
557
✅ant triangle level?
✅ant triangle c2,c3
558
IAPP _______ type
IAPP endocrine type
559
_____________ of LN
✅germinal follicles cortex of LN
560
✅tracheostomy level
✅tracheostomy level 2-3rd tracheal ring
561
✅________ and ________ deposits in FSGS
✅igm and c3 deposits in FSGS
562
✅iga neohropathy
✅iga neohropathy mesangial deposits in gbm
563
✅_____________ in choroid layer of retina
✅albino>dec melanin in choroid layer of retina
564
✅deep sea divers >
✅deep sea divers > emboli in arteries
565
✅Most important enzyme in protein digestion
✅Endopeptidases are more imp than exopeptidases for protein digestion
566
✅IM?
✅IM dna
567
✅IM?
✅IM dna
568
✅mumps?
✅mumps rna
569
✅upper origin of external oblique forms digitation with
✅upper origin of external oblique forms digitation with serratous anterior
570
✅submandibular surgery | Injures
✅submandibular surgery | Injures marginal branch of mandibular branch of facial nerve
571
✅aortic notch is due to?
✅aortic notch is due to aortic valve
572
➡️____________supported by dec peritubular NA conc
➡️tubuloglomerular feedback supported by dec peritubular NA conc
573
✅________ forms cns
✅neural tube forms cns
574
✅listeria only gram ______ organism producing ______
✅listeria only gram positive organism producing LpS
575
✅_________ forms cavity of midbrain
✅cerebral aqueduct forms cavity of midbrain
576
✅_________________ dorsal root ganglion
✅synapses absent in dorsal root ganglion
577
✅ DOC for travellers diarrhea
✅diphenoxylate DOC for travellers diarrhea
578
✅diazepam relaxes SM by?
✅diazepam relaxes sk muscle by inhibitory interneurons
579
✅insula is?
✅insula is deep to lateral sulcus
580
✅_______________ > IM
✅polyclonal huperplasia > IM
581
✅lichen simplex chronicus is a/w __________
✅lichen simplex chronicus is a/w sq neoplasia
582
✅most common genetic pathology is by _________
✅most common genetic pathology is by nucleotides
583
✅b-endorphins location?
✅b-endorphins mist abundantly in hypothalamus
584
✅diencephalon does not include?
✅diencephalon does not include superior colliculus
585
✅basiphillia to cells is bt ______
✅basiphillia to cells is bt RER
586
✅muscles supply
✅muscles supply | 40% sens 60% motor
587
✅________ in anaerobes
✅no granuloma in anaerobes
588
``` ✔️Thermogenesis ✅Earliest response ________ ✅Potent. ________ ✅main controling center ____________ ✅Thermogenesis via _____________ ```
✔️Thermogenesis ✅Earliest response inc catecholamine ✅Potent. Shivering ✅Anterior hyoothalmus main controling center ✅Thermogenesis via sympathetic b1 to fats And motorneurons
589
✅Dissipation mainly via?
✅Dissipation mainly via parasympathetic
590
✅IL-1 how causes fever?
✅IL-1 increses prostaglandin in brain to inc set point
591
✅exogenous steroids>
✅exogenous steroids> dec IL-2 release
592
✅extension of pia matter?
✅denticulate ligament extension of pia meter
593
✅conus medularis
✅Lesion at l1 conus medularis
594
✅cruciate intra or extra capsular?
✅cruciate intracapsular
595
✅adamstroke.
✅adamstroke. High degree heart block stroke with FND
596
✅collagen abundant substance?
✅collagen amorphous abundant substance
597
✅conc urine is function of?
✅conc urine is function of vasa recta
598
✅birbeck granules are associated with?
✅birbeck granules are associated with histocytosis
599
✅nuclear bag fibers carry _______?
✅nuclear bag fibers carry dynamic response
600
✅spleenomegaly in hodgkins is stage?
✅spleenomegaly in hodgkins is stage 3
601
✅forced respiration muscles?
✅forced respiration sternocleidomastoid and scalnes
602
✅adenoid cystic CA invades the?
✅adenoid cystic CA invades the periphral nerves sheath
603
✅microaneurysm of HIv don't include _________?
✅microaneurysm of HIv don't include hard exudates
604
✅release of histamine is by ________?
✅release of histamine is by morphine
605
✅tip of nose ___________?
✅tip of nose ophthalmic division
606
✅______________ from bacteria to virus
✅transduction genome from bacteria to virus
607
✅ smallest cells in ant pituitary
✅chromophobes smallest cells in ant pituitary
608
✅isotonic exercise?
✅isotonic exercise TPR remains same
609
✅__________ not used in candid
✅griseofulvin not used in candid
610
``` Haemorrhages ¤Extradural haemorrhge= ¤subdural haemorrhage = ¤subarchnoid haemorrahge= ☆tennis ball injury to eye= ☆epistaxis= ☆during tonsilectomy= ☆tracheostomy= ☆heamoptysis= ☆gastric ulcer= ☆hemmorhoids= ☆retropubic proastatectomy= ```
☆¤Haemorrhages ¤Extradural haemorrhge=middle minengeal artery ¤subdural haemorrhage =diploic vein ¤subarchnoid haemorrahge=rupture on berry aneursm ☆tennis ball injury to eye=circulis iridis major ☆epistaxis=sphenopalatine artery ☆during tonsilectomy= para tonsillar vein,tonsillar and ascending palatine artery ☆tracheostomy=isthmus and inferior thyroid vein ☆heamoptysis=bronchial artey ☆gastric ulcer=left gastrc and splenic artery ☆hemmorhoids=submucosal rectal venous plexuses formed by superior rectal vein and inferior rectal vein ☆retropubic proastatectomy=drsal venous plexuses ¤¤
611
Chromosomes n Dna both replicate in __________ | ¤Studied in __________
Chromosomes n Dna both replicate in interphase | ¤Studied in Metaphase
612
``` ¤¤¤¤Trisomy 21 > 13 > 18 > 16 > ```
``` ¤¤¤¤Trisomy 21 > Down syndrome 13 > Ptau 18 > edvert 16 > spontaneous abortion ```
613
¤¤¤ Lumber Pucture ☆Most common loccation = ☆LP Best Site ==== ☆IF pt e miningitis LP site ===
¤¤¤ Lumber Pucture ☆Most common loccation ==L4L5 ☆LP Best Site ====above L4 ☆IF pt e miningitis LP site ===below L3
614
``` ¤¤¤Epidural anesthesia == ☆widest epidural space > ☆Cauda Equina (CHILDren) === ☆Conus medullaris (Adult) = ☆Subarchnoid space == ```
``` ¤¤¤Epidural anesthesia ==L3-4 ☆widest epidural space > L2 ☆Cauda Equina (CHILDren) === L3 ☆Conus medullaris (Adult) = L1 ☆Subarchnoid space == S2 ```
615
☆Chorea > | ☆Athetosis >
☆Chorea > caudate | ☆Athetosis > putamen
616
☆Pco2 rises upto _______ in first minute of apnea
☆Pco2 rises upto 12mmhg in first minute of apnea
617
☆ Increased ________ plus _________ = Anencephaly
☆ Increased alpha feto protein plus increased albumin = Anencephaly
618
☆Vitamin A prevents _______\.
☆Vitamin A prevents squamous cell carcinoma.
619
☆Right border of heart is made by __________\ | ☆Right border of heart on XRAY made by __________
☆Right border of heart is made by right atrium. | ☆Right border of heart on XRAY made by SVc +Rt Atrium
620
¤Aphasia and facial nerve palsy > damage to ____________
¤Aphasia and facial nerve palsy > damage to middle meningeal artery.
621
¤Bronchial asthma plus hypertensive patient > Best drug
¤Bronchial asthma plus hypertensive patient > Best drug Verapamil.
622
¤Prenatal chromosome is detected at ____________
¤Prenatal chromosome is detected at 14 -18 weeks.
623
¤2nd most common cause of osteoporosis in old age is ____________.
¤2nd most common cause of osteoporosis in old age is Cushing syndrome.
624
☆Sperm life in genital tract is _________________.
☆Sperm life in genital tract is 24 to 72hours.
625
☆At term CRL = _________ and CHL = ________. ¤¤CRL used b/w ___________. ☆☆BPD is used __________.
☆At term CRL = 36 cm and CHL = 50 cm. ¤¤CRL used b/w 7 - 14 weeks. ☆☆BPD is used 16 - 30 weeks.
626
¤¤ Locus Ceruleus = .
¤¤ Locus Ceruleus = Nor epinephrine.
627
¤¤Nucleus raphe synthesize _________
¤¤Nucleus raphe synthesize serotonin.
628
☆Stapedius is supplied by ____________.
☆Stapedius is supplied by facial nerve.
629
☆Tensor tympani is supplied by _____________.
☆Tensor tympani is supplied by mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.
630
☆__________ is the only endocrine gland that stores its secretions outside the cell.
☆Thyroid is the only endocrine gland that stores its secretions outside the cell.
631
☆Superior orbital fissure communicates with middle cranial fossa and it transmits?
☆Superior orbital fissure communicates with middle cranial fossa and it transmits lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, oculomotor nerve, abducent nerve, nasociliary nerve and superior ophthalmic vein.
632
☆Inferior orbital fissure contents are
☆Inferior orbital fissure contents are maxillary nerve and its zygomatic branch, inferior ophthalmic vein and sympathetic nerves and this fissure communicates with pterygo palatine fossa.
633
☆Common genital vesicle is _______.
☆Common genital vesicle is herpes simplex virus.
634
☆Down syndrome occurs______.
☆Down syndrome occurs 1/100.
635
☆Most diagnostic test for TB = ______ > ______ > ______.
☆Most diagnostic test for TB = PCR > AFB > Caseous.
636
☆In anesthesia halothane is always given with _______[.
☆In anesthesia halothane is always given with Nitric oxide.
637
☆ Trephine biopsy Indicates = _______ >_______.
☆ Trephine biopsy Indicates = aplastic anemia > ALL.
638
☆Inferior wall MI >
☆Inferior wall MI > Right marginal artery block.
639
☆ Epidermis of partoid gland is derived from _________.
☆ Epidermis of partoid gland is derived from ectoderm.
640
☆To kill spores of surgical instrument >
☆To kill spores of surgical instrument > moist heat at 160 C for 1 hr.
641
☆Food poisoning caused by Staph. Aureus is through ________.
☆Food poisoning caused by Staph. Aureus is through entertoxin.
642
☆Least positive value for Widal is _______.
☆Least positive value for Widal is 1:120.
643
☆Trigeminal ganglion is completely covered by _______.
☆Trigeminal ganglion is completely covered by dura.
644
☆ Tactile sensation is carried by
☆ Tactile sensation is carried by dorsal white column to medial leminiscus.
645
☆ = positive window period.
☆ Anti HBcAg = positive window period.
646
☆MAP =
☆MAP = diastolic +1/3 pulse pressure.
647
☆ Insulin secretion is inhibited by ________.
☆ Insulin secretion is inhibited by beta blocker.
648
☆Highest triglyceride = ☆Highest cholesterol = ☆ Highest lipoprotein =
☆Highest triglyceride =Chylomicrons >VLDL > Chylomicrons remanents ☆Highest cholesterol = LDL. ☆ Highest lipoprotein = HDL.
649
☆ Tracheostomy is done at
☆ Tracheostomy is done at 2nd tracheal ring by pulling the isthmus inferiorly.
650
☆Inferior thyroid artery is also related to
☆Inferior thyroid artery is also related to recurrent laryngeal nerve which runs b/w trachea and esophagus and its most common injury is in Traceostomy.
651
☆Superior thyroid artery is related to
☆Superior thyroid artery is related to external laryngeal nerve which supplies posterior cricothyroid muscle of larynx. Injured during Thyroidectomy
652
☆ Diaphragmatic hernia occurs due to absence
☆ Diaphragmatic hernia occurs due to absence of pleuro peritoneal membrane.
653
☆Superior para thyroid is developed from
☆Superior para thyroid is developed from 4th brachial pouch.
654
☆Thymus and inferior parathyroid develops from
☆Thymus and inferior parathyroid develops from 3rd branchial pouch.
655
☆Thyroid gland is derived from .
☆Thyroid gland is derived from endoderm.
656
☆Uterine tube is cm long.
☆Uterine tube is 10 cm long.
657
☆Nerve supply of rectum is
☆Nerve supply of rectum is hypogastric plexus.
658
"☆Sphincteric urethra is known as external urethral sphincter and is supplied by ______________ where as internal os is supplied by ____________.
"☆Sphincteric urethra is known as external urethral sphincter and is supplied by pudendal nerves where as internal os is supplied by inferior hypo gastric plexus.
659
☆ Lesser omentum connects with
☆ Lesser omentum connects with duodenum.
660
☆ _________ ligament does NOT contribute in wall of perineum.
☆ Sacrospinous ligament does NOT contribute in wall of perineum.
661
☆Trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole ) side effect >
☆Trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole ) side effect > megaloblastic anemia plus leukopenia.
662
``` ☆Referred pain: ¤¤Cervix ¤ Ovary ¤Testis ¤ Umbilicus ¤Kidney ```
``` ☆Referred pain: ¤¤Cervix S2-S3 ¤ Ovary -T10-T11 ¤Testis -T10 ¤ Umbilicus -T10 ¤Kidney T12-L2. ```
663
☆Erythropoiesis in middle trimester is in the ______.
☆Erythropoiesis in middle trimester is in the liver.
664
☆ Levator ani muscle is supplied by
☆ Levator ani muscle is supplied by L2, L3 & L4.
665
☆Defect in Bulbus Cordis results in
☆Defect in Bulbus Cordis results in VSD, hypertrophy of Right ventricle, congenital cyanosis, transposition of great vessels (but not ASD)
666
☆Endocardial cushion is important for the formation of
☆Endocardial cushion is important for the formation of four chambers of heart.
667
☆Thirst is least stimulated by ________.
☆Thirst is least stimulated by blood pressure.
668
☆Important hormone involved in gluconeogenesis is __________.
☆Important hormone involved in gluconeogenesis is Cortisol.
669
☆Apoptosis is inhibited by
☆Apoptosis is inhibited by bcl-2 inhibition.
670
☆Apoptosis ~ Actuvation of
☆Apoptosis ~ Actuvation of caspases
671
☆Opsonins name 3?
☆C3b & IgG are Opsonins
672
☆_______ is chemotactic protein.
☆C5a is chemotactic protein.☆Tx of hirstuism is Cyproterone Acetate.
673
☆_______ is an important indicator for muscle protein loss.
☆ Urea is an important indicator for muscle protein loss.
674
☆Tx of hirstuism is __________.
☆Tx of hirstuism is Cyproterone Acetate.
675
☆__________ is intermediate from glucose to acetyl coA.
☆Pyruvic acid is intermediate from glucose to acetyl coA.
676
☆Epinephrine .nor epinephrine & dopamine are derived from _______.
☆Epinephrine .nor epinephrine & dopamine are derived from tyrosine.
677
☆End product of Purine is ________.
☆End product of Purine is Uric acid.
678
☆RBCs have
☆RBCs have glycolytic enzyme activity.
679
☆End product of glucose gives?
☆End product of glucose gives 2 Pyruvate.
680
______ should be taken in diet.
Alanine should be taken in diet.
681
☆__________ is more notorious to cause renal toxicity.
☆Cisplatin is more notorious to cause renal toxicity.
682
☆Dysplasia is seen in _________.
☆Dysplasia is seen in epithelia.
683
☆ mRNA has a
☆MRNA has a codon.
684
☆HSV is associated with.
☆HSV is associated with vulvar papules.
685
☆Plaque like lesion on posterior superior wall of vagina is ______.
☆Plaque like lesion on posterior superior wall of vagina is squamous cell carcinoma.
686
Anterior abdominal wall swelling with umbilical cord attached to it in a new born baby is known as.
Anterior abdominal wall swelling with umbilical cord attached to it in a new born baby is known as Omphalocele.
687
☆Beta-lactam acts on the
☆Beta-lactam acts on the Cell Wall.
688
☆Most common organism involved in gynecological & abdominal procedures is .
☆Most common organism involved in gynecological & abdominal procedures is Bacteriodes .
689
☆Vulvular itching = | ☆ fish like smell;
☆Vulvular itching = Chlamydia | ☆ fish like smell; Bacterial Vaginosis.
690
☆ Vitamin K dependent: Factors
☆ Vitamin K dependent: Factors 2, 7,9,10, Protein C, Protein S, Fibrinogen and Prothrombin.
691
☆Intrinsic and Extrinsic pathways of coagulation converge at __________
☆Intrinsic and Extrinsic pathways of coagulation converge at factor 10.
692
☆__________ does not contain Sulfa group.
☆Threonine does not contain Sulfa group.
693
☆Lens opacity causing drugs
☆Lens opacity causing drugs >Chlorpromazine, Amidarone, Tamoxifen, Gold & Iron toxicity.
694
☆Drugs causing corneal opacity >
☆Drugs causing corneal opacity > Amiodarone, Chloroquine, Mepacrine & Copper.
695
☆ Ribosome have purple color on
☆ Ribosome have purple color on Eosin & Methylene blue staining
696
☆High energy content >.
☆High energy content > Starch.
697
☆Antidote of warfarin is __________ but if action is more quickly required then _________.
☆Antidote of warfarin is vitamin K but if action is more quickly required then FFP.
698
☆________ cells are the only neurons in the body that regenerates.
☆Olfactory cells are the only neurons in the body that regenerates.
699
☆Projectile vomiting greenish in color means ________ vomiting so it is due to duodenal atresia but if projectile vomiting ________ then it is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
☆Projectile vomiting greenish in color means bilious vomiting so it is due to duodenal atresia but if projectile vomiting non bilious then it is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
700
☆ Pulmonary trunk relation with the bronchus at the hilum of the lung-.
☆ Pulmonary trunk relation with the bronchus at the hilum of the lung-mnemonic is RALSR- Right Anterior & Left Superior.
701
☆ Homan’s sign is present in DVT in which if you
☆ Homan’s sign is present in DVT in which if you dorsiflex the foot there will be pain in calf muscles.
702
☆_________ bubbled precipitator in ascending divers and can be treated with _____________
☆Nitrogen bubbled precipitator in ascending divers and can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen.
703
☆________________ is the best test to detect Pulmonary Embolism.
☆CT pulmonary angiography is the best test to detect Pulmonary Embolism.
704
☆The most common infectious agent transmitted by blood transfusion is __________ (—-), which is present in donor __________
☆The most common infectious agent transmitted by blood transfusion is cytomegalovirus (CMV), which is present in donor lymphocytes.
705
☆Before blood is transfused into newborns or patients with T-cell deficiencies, it must be __________________. This prevents the patient from developing a __________
☆Before blood is transfused into newborns or patients with T-cell deficiencies, it must be irradiated to kill donor lymphocytes. This prevents the patient from developing a graft-versus-host reaction or a CMV infection.
706
☆_______________, a pathogen that thrives on iron, is the most common contaminant of ___________
☆Yersinia enterocolitica, a pathogen that thrives on iron, is the most common contaminant of stored blood.
707
☆ Iron is stored in ___________.
☆ Iron is stored in bone macrophages.
708
☆ Structures passing thru superior orbital fissure....
☆ Structures passing thru superior orbital fissure.... NOT-FAL ¤NASOCILLIARY¤OPTHALIMIC VEIN¤TROCHLEAR¤FRONTAL
709
``` ☆☆Suture Removal: ¤Head ¤Face ¤Eyelid & eyebrow ¤Trunk ¤Extremities ¤Surface of joint ¤Hand ```
``` ☆☆Suture Removal: ¤Head 5-7days ¤Face 3-5days ¤Eyelid & eyebrow 3-5days ¤Trunk 5-7days ¤Extremities 7-10days ¤Surface of joint 10-14days ¤Hand ==7days ```
710
☆☆Absorption ☆_____ and _______ absorb in duodenum. ☆________, _________, __________, __________ in jejunum. ☆______ and ________ absorb in ileum. ☆______ and ________ absorb in colon but less than jejunum. ________________ absorb in colon.
☆☆Absorption ☆iron and divalents absorb in duodenum. ☆Folic acid, maximum water, max electrolytes, long chain fatty acids in jejunum. ☆Bile and B12 absorb in ileum. ☆water and electrolytes absorb in colon but less than jejunum. Short chain fatty acids absorb in colon.
711
¤¤Buffers ☆Major intracellular buffer is _________. ☆Major extracellular buffer is _________. ☆If only major buffer asked then ___________. ☆Major renal buffer is still bicarbonate if depleted then ¤ ________==Qualitative ¤ _________== Quantitative ☆Buffer in blood is _________ > ________
``` ¤¤Buffers ☆Major intracellular buffer is protein. ☆Major extracellular buffer is bicarb. ☆If only major buffer asked then Bicarb. ☆Major renal buffer is still bicarbonate if depleted then ¤Phosphate ==Qualitative ¤Ammonia == Quantitative ☆Buffer in blood is H2co3 > Hb ```
712
¤¤Uterus ☆ __________ felt on PR ☆Main support is ________________ ☆ _______________keeps it anteverted anteflexed ☆________________ has very lessor role in support
¤¤Uterus ☆Uterosacral felt on PR ☆Main support is cardinal(also named transverse cervical ligament ) ☆Round ligament of uterus keeps it anteverted anteflexed ☆broad ligament has very lessor role in support
713
☆Best way to "measure" gfr is ___________. ☆best way to "estimate" gfr is ____________. ☆best way to "clincally" measure gfr is ___________. ☆best way to measure renal plasma / blood flow is ________ . ☆best test for renal falilure is ____________.
☆Best way to "measure" gfr is inulin clearance. ☆best way to "estimate" gfr is creatinine clearance. ☆best way to "clincally" measure gfr is creatinine clearance. ☆best way to measure renal plasma / blood flow is PAH . ☆best test for renal falilure is creatinine clearance.
714
``` Septic meningitis - Initiation of dental caries - Pyogenic lung abscess + Meningitis - Subacute bacterial endocarditis - Prosthetic valve endocarditis - Cellulitis - Multiple draining sinuses - IUCD infection - Trachoma - Pelvic inflammatory disease - Lymphogranuloma venereum - ```
Septic meningitis - Streptococcus. Initiation of dental caries - Streptococcus. Pyogenic lung abscess + Meningitis - Staphylococcus. Subacute bacterial endocarditis - S.viridians. Prosthetic valve endocarditis - S.epidermidis. Cellulitis - S.pyogenes. Multiple draining sinuses - Actinomyces. IUCD infection - Actinomycosis. Trachoma - Chlamydia. Pelvic inflammatory disease - Chlamydia. Lymphogranuloma venereum - Chlamydia.
715
``` Pseudomembranous colitis - Gas gangrene - Fatal diarrhea - Tubulo ova Acute osteomyelitis - Toxic shock syndrome - Wound infection - Valvular itching + Pink purulent discharge - Infection in post liver transplant patient - ```
``` Pseudomembranous colitis - C.Difficile. Gas gangrene - C.Perfringes / C.Welchii. Fatal diarrhea - V.Cholrea. Tubulo ovarian cyst - Gonococcus. Abscess - S.Aureus. Acute osteomyelitis - S.Aureus. Toxic shock syndrome - S.Aureus. Wound infection - S.A Valvular itching + Pink purulent discharge - Trichomanas vaginilis. Infection in post liver transplant patient - CMV. ```
716
Chorioretinitis in AIDS - Bronchogenic carcinoma - Herpangia - Hand foot and mouth disease -
Chorioretinitis in AIDS - CMV. Bronchogenic carcinoma - CMV. Herpangia - Coxsakie virus. Hand foot and mouth disease - Coxsakie virus
717
``` Lymphoma in AIDS - Burkitt lymphoma - Non hodgkin lymphoma - Hairy tongue - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - Infectious mononucleosis - Kaposi sarcoma - Cervical cancer - Vulval papules - Meningo-encephalitis - ```
``` Lymphoma in AIDS - EBV. Burkitt lymphoma - EBV. Non hodgkin lymphoma - EBV. Hairy tongue - EBV. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - EBV. Infectious mononucleosis - EBV. Kaposi sarcoma - HHV8. Cervical cancer - HPV 16. Vulval papules - HSV. Meningo-encephalitis - Echovirus. ```
718
``` Meningitis in AIDS - Black water fever - Cysticercosis - Cyst in liver - SCC of bladder - Cholangio carcinoma - Migratory lesion of foot - Toxoplasmosis - ```
Meningitis in AIDS - Cryptococcus neoformans. Black water fever - Plasmodium falciparum. Cysticercosis - Taenia solium. Cyst in liver - Teania echinococcus. SCC of bladder - Schistosomiasis. Cholangio carcinoma - Clonorchis Sinensis. Migratory lesion of foot - Cutaneous larva migrans. Toxoplasmosis - Cat
719
About trachea 1. ...starts at ______ , __________ 2. ...bifercates at _______ 3. .. is about ________ cm 4. ...has ____________________ring 5. .. tracheostomy opening at cartilage ring __________
About trachea 1. ...starts at C6 , at inferior border of cricoid 2. ...bifercates at T4 3. .. is about 15 cm 4. ...has 16 to 20 incomplete cartlilage c shaped ring 5. .. tracheostomy opening at cartilage ring 2,3,4
720
Bronchi.. 1... Right bronchus is 2... Left bronchus is
Bronchi.. 1... Right bronchus is Shorter, wider and more vertical left bronchus.. therefore inhaled foreign bodies comes into right bronchus.. 2... Left bronchus is Longer, narrower and less vertical rigjt bronchus...
721
No of divisions of lower air way is
No of divisions of lower air way is 23
722
Right lung has... ___segments Left lung has... ____ segments
Right lung has... 10 segments Left lung has... 9 segments
723
Bronchopulmonary segment i. . ii. .
Bronchopulmonary segment i. .is anatomical, functional and surgical unit of lungs.. ii. .Areated by tertiary bronchioles
724
``` About diaphragm 1...Motor supply of diaphragm is through 2... sensory supply is.. central part by ______ and Peripheral by _______ 3... openings of diaphragm.. ```
About diaphragm 1...Motor supply of diaphragm is through phrenic nerve 2... sensory supply is.. central part by phrenic and Uperipheral ny intercostal nerve 3... openings of diaphragm.. Formula... ...CEA... ...8,10,12... i...Cavel opening in diaphragm is at level of T 8.... structures passing are.. Vena cava, phrenic nerve, sympathetic nerves ii...Esophageal opening is at level of T 10... structures passing are.. Esophagus, right and left vagas nerve and lymphatics.. iii... Avortic opening at the level of T 12... Structure passing are Avorta, thoracic duct and azygus vein
725
``` RIB CAGE 1... Weakest point of rib is: _____ 2... True ribs are ______ False ribs are ______ Floating ribs are _______ 3... Supernumary cervical Rib i... ii... iii.. ```
``` RIB CAGE 1... Weakest point of rib is..angle 2... True ribs are 1 to 7... False ribs are 8, 9, 10 Floating ribs are 11,12 3... Supernumary cervical Rib i... compression of lower trunk of brachial plexus ii...Compression of subclavian vessels iii.. it originates from C 8 ```
726
INTERCOSTAL SPACES 1. .. The neuromuscular bundle present between _____________ 2. .. Ther order of neuromuscular bundle from above down in the coastal groove of rib lower border is... __________ 3. .. Site for needle piercing / pleurocentesis is at ______
INTERCOSTAL SPACES 1... The neuromuscular bundle present between.. Internal intercostal muscle and innermost intercostal muscle 2... Ther order of neuromuscular bundle from above down in the coastal groove of rib lower border is... VAN vein, artery, nerve 3... Site for needle piercing / pleurocentesis is at MID AXILLARY LINE... near the UPPER BORDER of ribs... 1 or 2 rib space below maximum dullness.
727
INTERCOSTAL SPACES ☆If ask .... neurovascular bundle located at ---》____________ ☆If ask in neuromuscular lies in between ---》______________ ☆if ask where Thoracocentasis advised ---》____________ ☆If asked space---》___________ ☆if asked best site of aspiration--》__________ ☆If asked vessels are present in ---》__________\ ☆If Ask drain inserted which structure damaged most likely ---》_______
☆If ask .... neurovascular bundle located at ---》inferior border of rib ☆If ask in neuromuscular lies in between ---》Internal and innermost layers ☆if ask where Thoracocentasis advised ---》upper border of lower rib ☆If asked space---》 lower space ☆if asked best site of aspiration--》 4rth and 5th intercoastal space in "Mid axillary line " kindly focus on mid axillary ☆If asked vessels are present in ---》 subcoastal groove ☆If Ask drain inserted which structure damaged most likely ---》 it will be intercostal nerve ... cox as u knw sequence is VAN so nerve is below and it is least protected by subcostal groove while artery is in between and vein is superior and strongly protected by subcostal groove ☆Superior to inferior (Top to bottom) ---》VAN ☆Inferior to superior ---》NAV
728
Sternal angle (angle of louis)----》important surface landmark 6 of them
Sternal angle (angle of louis)----》important surface landmark ☆2nd costal cartilage ☆intervertebral disc bw T4 -T5 ☆junction of ascending aorta and arch of aorta ☆junction of decending aorta and arch of aorta ☆bifurcation of trachea ☆junction of superiir mediastinum and inferior mediastinum
729
Cervical rib --》 0.5%---》arises from __________--》connected to________--》pressure on __________ --》__________---》__________
Cervical rib --》 0.5%---》arises from transverse process of C7 --》connected to 1st rib---》pressure on lower trunk --》subclavian artery ---》Thoracic outlet syndrome
730
innermost intercoastal muscle--》
innermost intercoastal muscle--》Endothoracic fascia and parietal pleura
731
Diaphargm --》muscle of ______ Right crus--》 Left crus ---》
Diaphargm --》muscle of inspiration Right crus--》1st three lumber vertebra and intervertebral disc --》encloses oesophagus Left crus ---》1st two vertebra and intercostal disc
732
Medial arcuate ligament--》
Medial arcuate ligament--》L2 to transverse process of L1
733
Lateral arcuate ligament--》
Lateral arcuate ligament--》transverse process of L1 to rib 12
734
Diaphrgm attached to
``` Diaphrgm attached to L1 xiphesternum 10th rib 7th costal cartilage Not directly to T10 ```
735
Muscle of queit respiration---》 Contraction of diaphrgm causes--》 Major inspiratory muscle--》
Muscle of queit respiration---》Diaphragm Contraction of diaphrgm causes--》increase thoracic volume Major inspiratory muscle--》diaphragm
736
A stab at 6th costal cartilage just ryt will damage----》
A stab at 6th costal cartilage just ryt will damage----》Ryt atrium
737
Medial arcuate ligament---》l
Medial arcuate ligament---》arches over psoas muscle as it passes thru it
738
pt cannt survive without ventilation if lession above | pt can survive without ventilation if lession below
pt cannt survive without ventilation if lession above C5 | pt can survive without ventilation if lession below C 5
739
Most common site of Morgagni hernia ---》
Most common site of Morgagni hernia ---》Right anterior
740
best site of Aspiration of pleural fluid ---》 | pleural tapping ---》__________--》muscles pierce --》--》
best site of Aspiration of pleural fluid ---》4rth intercoastal space midaxillary line pleural tapping ---》midaxillary line --》muscles pierce --》internal intercostal ...external and innermost intercostal intercostal space --》1 large posterior and 2 small anterior intercostal artries
741
Cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers are located in the =
Cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers are located in the = dorsal root ganglia.....
742
Cell bodies of the visceral efferent preganglionic fibers (visceral branches of sympathetic trunk) are located in the =
Cell bodies of the visceral efferent preganglionic fibers (visceral branches of sympathetic trunk) are located in the = interomediolateral horn of the spinal cord.
743
White rami: are limited to =
White rami: are limited to = spinal cord segments between T1 and L2.
744
Gray rami:
Gray rami: connect sympathetic trunk to every = spinal NERVE
745
Postganglionic autonomic fibers: are unmyelinated =
Postganglionic autonomic fibers: are unmyelinated = C-fibers.
746
``` Sympathetic Nervous System : ■ ■ Parasympathetic Nervous System : ■ ■ ```
``` Sympathetic Nervous System : ■ Thoracolumbar ■ “Fight or flight” Parasympathetic Nervous System : ■ Craniosacral. ■ “Rest and digest.” ```
747
Splanchnic nerves: are sympathetic nerves to the =
Splanchnic nerves: are sympathetic nerves to the = viscera. They pass through the sympathetic chain ganglia without synapse (exceptions to short preganglionic and long postganglionic) and synapse in the effector.
748
``` NERVE FIBER TYPES: A) A Fiber: a) A-α: b) A-β: c) A-γ: d) A-δ: ``` B) B Fiber: C) C Fiber:
``` NERVE FIBER TYPES: A) A Fiber: a) A-α: Proprioception & Motor b) A-β: Sensory, Touch and Pressure c) A-γ: Muscle spindle d) A-δ: Sharp pain, Temperature and Touch B) B Fiber: Preganglionic autonomic. C) C Fiber: Dull pain, Temperature, Postganglionic and autonomic. ```
749
``` Tracts: A) Ascending/sensory: a) Anterior spinothalamic = b) Lateral spinothalamic = c) Posterior columns (gracilis and cuneatus) = d) Spinocerebellar = ``` B) Descending/motor: a) Corticospinal = b) Tectospinal = c) Rubrospinal = d) Vestibulospinal = e) Reticulospinal =
Tracts: A) Ascending/sensory: a) Anterior spinothalamic = Touch, pressure. b) Lateral spinothalamic = Pain, temperature c) Posterior columns (gracilis and cuneatus) = Proprioception, position sense. d) Spinocerebellar = Motor coordination, proprioception. B) Descending/motor: a) Corticospinal = Motor b) Tectospinal = Movement of head c) Rubrospinal = Muscle tone, posture, head, neck, upper extremities d) Vestibulospinal = Equilibrium (interface with CN VIII) e) Reticulospinal = Muscle tone, sweat gland function
750
The cell bodies for afferent/sensory nerves are located in the =
The cell bodies for afferent/sensory nerves are located in the = dorsal root ganglion.
751
The spinal cord is protected by the =
The spinal cord is protected by the = bony and ligamentous walls of the = vertebral canal and CSF.
752
In the spinal cord, white matter __________ and gray matter _________ , the reverse of the = cerebral cortex.
In the spinal cord, white matter is peripheral and gray matter is central, the reverse of the = cerebral cortex.
753
Spinal Cord: A) ________cm long. B) Extends to ________ (_____ in a child).
Spinal Cord: A) 40–45 cm long. B) Extends to L1–L2 (L3 in a child).
754
CSF: is located in the = This space is entered during a = lumbar “tap” or puncture
CSF: is located in the = subarachnoid space. This space is entered during a = lumbar “tap” or puncture
755
CN XII LESIONS: A) Lower motor neuron: Tongue deviates . B) Upper motor neuron: Tongue deviates
CN XII LESIONS: A) Lower motor neuron: Tongue deviates toward side of =lesion. B) Upper motor neuron: Tongue deviates away from side of = lesion.
756
With CN______ paralysis, the tongue tends to _______ and obstruct the _______
With CN XII paralysis, the tongue tends to fall back and obstruct the airway (genioglossus).
757
The abdominal viscera below the left colic flexure (and genitalia and pelvic viscera) are supplied by =
``` The abdominal viscera below the left colic flexure (and genitalia and pelvic viscera) are supplied by = pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic preganglionics). ```
758
The cardiac branches of the vagus:
The cardiac branches of the vagus: (form the cardiac plexus) are preganglionic parasympathetic nerves that synapse with postganglionic parasympathetic nerves in the = heart.
759
Vagus nerves: lose their identity in the __________. The ________ gastric nerve can be cut (vagotomy) to _________
Vagus nerves: lose their identity in the esophageal plexus. The anterior gastric nerve can be cut (vagotomy) to reduce gastric secretion.
760
Chemoreception: Carotid body; Baroreception: Carotid sinus;
Chemoreception: Carotid body; oxygen tension measurement. Baroreception: Carotid sinus; blood pressure changes.
761
SENSATION OF EXTERNAL EAR: A) Auriculotemporal nerve (V3) supplies = B) Auricular branch of vagus (CN X) supplies =
SENSATION OF EXTERNAL EAR: A) Auriculotemporal nerve (V3) supplies = Anterior half of external ear canal and facial surface of upper part of auricle. B) Auricular branch of vagus (CN X) supplies = Posterior half of external ear canal (so stimulation can cause reflex symptoms: eg, fainting, coughing, gagging). C) Greater auricular nerve (C2, C3) supplies = Inferior auricle (anterior and posterior) D) Lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3) supplies = Cranial surface of upper auricle.
762
``` Herpes zoster often affects = Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) : ```
``` Herpes zoster often affects = V1 division. Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) : can affect V2 and V3. ```
763
Sensation in teeth can be misinterpreted in =
Sensation in teeth can be misinterpreted in = ear (because of the cross innervation).
764
Touch & Pressure is carried by = Pain & Temperature is carried by = Proprioception is carried by =
Touch & Pressure is carried by = A-beta fibers. Pain & Temperature is carried by = A-delta and C-Fibers. Proprioception is carried by = A-alpha Fibers.
765
Mesencephalic nucleus of CN V is the only case where primary sensory cell bodies are located within the =
Mesencephalic nucleus of CN V is the only case where primary sensory cell bodies are located within the = CNS, rather than in ganglia.
766
All CN V afferent cell bodies are located within =
All CN V afferent cell bodies are located within = trigeminal ganglion except proprioceptive inputs.
767
Parts of CNs VII and IX travel with = l
Parts of CNs VII and IX travel with = trigeminospinal tract.
768
cortex (areas _______); the
cortex (areas 3, 1, 2); the facial segment of the sensory homunculus
769
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK:
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK: A the mandibular teeth. Block this branch of V3 as it enters the mandibular foramen.
770
Cerebral cortex’s Gray matter consist externally of =
Cerebral cortex’s Gray matter consist externally of = (6 layers)
771
Diencephalon contributes to =
Diencephalon contributes to = Rathke’s pouch (forming part of posterior pituitary).
772
Ventral posterior medial (VPM) Nuclei of Thalamus controls =
Ventral posterior medial (VPM) Nuclei of Thalamus controls =Facial sensation including Pain.
773
All cranial nerve motor nuclei have unilateral corticonuclear connections except=
``` All cranial nerve motor nuclei have unilateral corticonuclear connections except= ■ CN VII: Upper third muscles of facial expression have bilateral innervation. ■ CN XII: Genioglossus muscles have = bilateral motor innervation. ```
774
All cranial nerve sensory nuclei have unilateral representation except =
All cranial nerve sensory nuclei have unilateral representation except = hearing. Hearing is bilateral; Person cant go deaf in one ear from a stroke to the unilateral temporal area.
775
Taste Sensation : Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is the posterior 1/3 by =
Taste Sensation : Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is CN VII via the = chorda tympani and the posterior 1/3 by = CN IX. CN X caries taste fibers from the = palate.
776
PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA: 1: Pterygopalatine Ganglion supplies = 2: Otic Ganglion supplies = 3: Submandibular Ganglion supplies = 4: Ciliary Ganglion supplies =
PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA: 1: Pterygopalatine Ganglion supplies = Lacrimal Glands and Glands in Palate & Nose 2: Otic Ganglion supplies = Parotid Gland 3: Submandibular Ganglion supplies = SubMandibular, Sublingual small Salivary Glands. 4: Ciliary Ganglion supplies = Ciliary Muscles, Spincter pupillae, Dilator, Pupillae and Tarsal muscles.
777
: The smallest cranial nerve and the only cranial nerve that exits from the = posterior surface of the brain stem.
Trochlear nerve: The smallest cranial nerve and the only cranial nerve that exits from the = posterior surface of the brain stem.
778
Ptosis (drooping eyelid) and dilated pupil with =
Ptosis (drooping eyelid) and dilated pupil with = CN III injury (levator palpebrae superioris and sphincter pupillae muscle).
779
Lesion CN VI =
Lesion CN VI = eye persistently directed toward nose (because of lateral rectus).
780
Horner’s syndrome:
Horner’s syndrome: Lesion of oculosympathic pathway (sympathetics don’t come from CNs but run with them; come from superior cervical ganglion, ciliospinal center of Budge); miosis, ptosis, hemianhidrosis, apparent enophthalmos.
781
Argyll Robertson pupil:
Argyll Robertson pupil: Think prostitute’s pupil—accommodates but does not react; also associated with syphilis. No miosis (papillary constriction) with either direct or consensual light; does constrict with near stimulus (accommodation- convergence). Occurs in = syphilis and diabetes.
782
V1 and V2 of Trigeminal Nerve are purely = | and V3 Trigeminal Nerve is.
V1 and V2 of Trigeminal Nerve are purely = sensory and V3 Trigeminal Nerve is both = sensory and motor.
783
The buccal nerve of V3 provides sensation to = _________ whereas the buccal branch of CN VII is
The buccal nerve of V3 provides sensation to = the cheek; whereas the buccal branch of CN VII is motor to the = buccinator muscle.
784
* Half life of transthyritin * Half life of TBG is * Half life of albumin Is
* Half life of transthyritin I s2 days * Half life of TBG is 5 days * Half life of albumin Is 13 days
785
* Levels of TBG are increased in estrogen treated patients. | * Levels of TBGs are decreased by
* Levels of TBG are increased in estrogen treated patients. Methadone, heroin, major tranquiliers, clofiberate * Levels of TBGs are decreased by glucocorticoids, adndorgens, danazole, and L asparginase(a chemotherapeutic drug){patient remains euthyroid coz level of T3 and T3 decrease due to feedback}
786
•______________ inhibit binding of T3 and T4 with the TBG and produce effects similar to decreased TBGs{ patient remains euthyroid coz level of T3 and T3 decrease due to feedback}
• salicylates, phenytoin, mitonate(a cancer chemotherapeutic drug) and 5 florouracil inhibit binding of T3 and T4 with the TBG and produce effects similar to decreased TBGs{ patient remains euthyroid coz level of T3 and T3 decrease due to feedback}
787
• Thyroid hormone binds with its receptors in ____________
• Thyroid hormone binds with its receptors in nucleus via ZINC FINGERS
788
• Thyroid hormone increase the metabolism in all metabolically active tissues except
• Thyroid hormone increase the metabolism in all metabolically active tissues except UBLAST(uterus, brain(in adults), lymph nodes, anterior pituitary, spleen, testes)
789
• Thyroid hormone donot increase the metabolism in ______ but is required for the
• Thyroid hormone donot increase the metabolism in uterus but is required for the normal menstrual cycle and fertility
790
• Yellow tinge in hypothyroidism is produced due the ____________. Thyroid hormne is required for conversion of
• Yellow tinge in hypothyroidism is produced due the acconulation of carotene inblood stream. Thyroid hormne is required for conversion of carotene to Vit A in liver. Carotenimia os distinguished from the jaundice because it donot involves sclera
791
• Vitamin deficiency syndromes may be precipitated in _________ coz when metabolic rate is increased the
• Vitamin deficiency syndromes may be precipitated in hyperthoiridism coz when metabolic rate is increased the demand of almost all vitamins is increased
792
• Myxedema in hypothoiridism occurs due to
• Myxedema in hypothoiridism occurs due to retention of water by osmotic effect of protein complexes with the hyaluronic acid and chodroitin sulphate etc in the skin. With the administration of thyroid hormone the proteins are metablised and dieresis occurs until edema is relieved
793
• Thyroid hormone increase the _______________ and increased the
• Thyroid hormone increase the glucose absorption from the GIT and increased the plasma glucose level rapidly after carbohydrate rich meal however it falls rapidly after sometime
794
• Thyroid hormone increases the _____ receptors in liver lowering the ________
• Thyroid hormone increases the LDL receptors in liver lowering the plasma cholesterol levl
795
• _________ is one disease that can be diagnosed on telephone….
• Myxedema is one disease that can be diagnosed on telephone….
796
• Hyperthoiridosm causes
• Hyperthoiridosm causes increased pulse pressure
797
* ____ and _____ alpha increase the insulin resistance | * _____ and _______ decrease the insulin resistance
* Resistin and TNF alpha increase the insulin resistant | * Leptin and adiponectin decrease it s resistance
798
• Immediately after hypophysectomy the _______________ start to degenerate. __________ remains normal due to effect of ____________ .
• Immediately after hypophysectomy the zona fasciculate and reticularis start to degenerate. Zona glomerulosa remains normal due to effect of angiotensin II. Ability of excretion of aldosteron secretion and Na preservation may hamper in long standing hypopituitrism due the absence of a pituitary factor that that maintains the responsiveness of zona glomerulosa.
799
• Injections of ACTH or stimuli that cause endogenous secretion cause hypertrophy of _______ and _______ but actually causes atrophy of ________
• Injections of ACTH or stimuli that cause endogenous secretion cause hypertrophy of zona fasciculate and reticularis but actually causes atrophy of zona glomerulosa
800
• Effect of dopamine in circulation blood Is unknown but it produces __________________. Elsewhere it produces ____________.
• Effect of dopamine in circulation blood Is unknown but it produces vasodilation in kidney and of mesenteric vessels. Elsewhere it produces vasoconstricton. It has a positive ionotropic acton by action on beta 1 receptors.the net effect of ibjection of moderated dose of dopamine is increase in systolic BP and no change in diastolic BP. By these properties it is used in ccardiogenic and traumatic shocks.
801
• Adrenals release norepinephrine Epinephrine secretion
• Adrenals release norepinephrine selectively in emotional stress in which the individual is familiar with. Epinephrine secretion increase in stress with which individual do not know what to expect.
802
• Glucocorticoids increase the no of___________. They decrease the no of ____________________. They also decrease the _______________
• Glucocorticoids increase the no of neutrophils, platelets ns RBC in circulation. They decrease the no of eiosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes. They also decrease the size of lymph nodes and thymus.
803
• 25OH cholecalciferol is converted to 1,25diOHcholcalciferol in _______________
• 25OH cholecalciferol is converted to 1,25diOHcholcalciferol in proximal convoluted tubules of kidney.
804
• Sarcoidosis is associated with increase 1,25diOHchlcalciferol produced by
• Sarcoidosis is associated with increase 1,25diOHchlcalciferol produced by pulmonary macrophages upon stimulation by gamma interferon.
805
• PIEBALDISM:
• PIEBALDISM: the patches of skin lacking melanin as a result of congenital defect of migration of pigment cell precursors from the nural crest during embryonic development. Vitelago is similar patchy loss of melanin but onset is after birth and is progressive
806
• GH secretion Is inhibited by
• GH secretion Is inhibited by REM sleep, glucose, cortisol, FFA, medroxyprogesteron, and GH.
807
• GH secretion is increased by
• GH secretion is increased by exercise, amino acid, glucagon, pyrogens, going to sleep, estrogen and androgens.
808
• Blood testes barrier is formed by
• Blood testes barrier is formed by sertoli cells. Germ cells pass thru this barrier by breaking the tight junctions above them followed by reformation of junctions.
809
• Menstrual blood is predominantly ________.
• Menstrual blood is predominantly arterial. 25% is venous in origin.
810
• Human milk contains
• Human milk contains **ALIAN** more than cow milk. Ascorbic acid, Lactose, Iron, vit A, Nicotinic acid
811
G1... G1... G1... G1 Check point...
G1...Primary Growth , Proteins , Organelles , mRNA Synthesis ) G1...Also Called growth phase G1... Longest phase ( 8to 10 Hours) G1 Check point...To check if DNA is damaged
812
S .... S.... S.....
S ....DNA Replicate S....Cytotoxic & cancer drugs act here to destroy DNA S.....5 to 6 hours
813
G2... G2... G2 Check point...
G2...Secondary growth ( between S phase & Mitosis) G2...Short ( 3 to 4 hours) G2 Check point... To check if DNA has replicated properly
814
``` MITOSIS / M Phase M... M... M... M... ```
MITOSIS / M Phase M...Shortest (2 hours) M... To see spindle assembly and alignment M...nuclear content divide M...genetic material is Chromosome (Genetic material is chromatid when NOT in M phase)
815
Karyopiknosis index....
Karyopiknosis index.... Index of karyopiknotic nuclei of epithelial cells which exfoliate from vagina... Hormonal evaluation
816
Best Test for chromosomal abnormalities is
Best Test for chromosomal abnormalities is Karyotyping
817
``` Barr Bodies.... Barr Bodies.... Barr Bodies.... Barr Bodies.... Barr Bodies.... Barr Bodies.... NO. of Barr bodies in OX ..... NO. of Barr bodies in XX... NO. of Barr bodies in XXX.... ```
Barr Bodies....Heterochromatin Barr Bodies....have X chromosome Barr Bodies....seen under light microscope Barr Bodies....ABSENT in Turner Barr Bodies....Scanty In Turner Barr Bodies....Diagnostic for Turner one Barr body in Klinfelter NO. of Barr bodies in OX .....no Barr Bodies NO. of Barr bodies in XX... 1 Barr Body NO. of Barr bodies in XXX....2 Barr bodies
818
1)Highest cholesterol content=
1)Highest cholesterol content=LDL.
819
2)richest in triglycerides=
2)richest in triglycerides=chylomicron.
820
3)Highest protein content=
3)Highest protein content=HDL.
821
7)Antioxidants ACE=
7)Antioxidants ACE=vit a,c,e.
822
8)Vit k(antiKagulant)=
8)Vit k(antiKagulant)=gamma carboxylation of factors(27910).
823
9)essential fatty acids=
9)essential fatty acids=linolic acid & linolinec acid.
824
11)amino acids necessary for PURINE synthesis
11)amino acids necessary for PURINE synthesis GAG(glycine,aspartate,glutamine).
825
12)Bloting proceedures::: southern blot= NORTHERN blot= western blot=
12)Bloting proceedures:::southern blot=DNA,NORTHERN blot=RNA,western blot=protein.
826
15)renal failure z most common cause of
15)renal failure z most common cause of vit D deficiency.
827
17)vit c z cofactor in conversion of
17)vit c z cofactor in conversion of dopamin to norepinephrine
828
20)hypervitaminosis A=
20)hypervitaminosis A=scaly dermatitis.
829
21)thiamine level z best monitered by=
21)thiamine level z best monitered by=transketolase level in RBC.
830
22)increase carbohydrates=
22)increase carbohydrates=increase demand of thiamine.coz thiamine z important in ATP senthesis.
831
23) used as coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis.
23)biotin(vit b7) z used as coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis.
832
24)inovle in transamination of ALT & AST.
24)vit b6 inovle in transamination of ALT & AST.
833
Principal source of energy to heart in healthy individual is ???
75. Free fatty acids
834
Aj J point of ECG what happens??
All part of ventricles are depolarized.
835
Artificial pacemaker is connected to which part of heart?
Right ventricle
836
Structure with richest blood supplyee?
Carotid bodies
837
Dirotic notch in aortic pressure curve coincides with which heart sound?
S2 heart sound (second)
838
65. In rheumatic fever antibodies are formed against which protein??
65. M protein
839
66. Patient having prosthetic valve having IE ? Agent? 67. Cardiac cirrhosis caused by?? RHF/LHF 68. Tree bark appearance ?? 69. Most common heart tumors?? 70. Print metal angina?? St elevation / depression
66. Strep epidernidis 67. RHF 68. Syphilitic heart disease 69. Metastases 70. St elevation
840
62. In JVP a wave shows? 63. Carotid body responds to dec Po2 at which level ? 64. Risk of ventricular rupture on which day of post MI??? 2 / 3-7/ 10/ 14
62. Steal contraction 63. <60 mmhg 64. 3-7 (in goljan ) 5-10 days in ( first aid)
841
1. Coronary artery occlusion most commonly occurs in? 2. Cardiac output =?? 3. Stroke Volume affected by?? Name three parameters 4. Most posterior part of heart? 5. Vasodilators decrease?? Preload/after load 6. EF is the index of? 7. Viscosity depends mostly on?? 8. Fixed splitting is seen in? 9. S4 is in? Mid diastole/ late/ early 10. Period of highest oxygen consumption?
1. LAD 2. ??HR*CO 3. Contractility, preload, afterload 4. Left atrium 5. Afterload 6. Ventricular contractility 7. Hematocrit 8. ASD 9. n? late 10. ?isovolumetric contraction
842
11. Isovolumetric relaxation? 12. Expiration inc intensity of which side of heart sounds? Left/right 13. Murmur of Mitral stenosis is best heard in which area? 14. Myxomatoys degeneration causes which valvular lesion? 15. Cardiac muscle action potential has plateau due to ?? 16. Rapid depolarization caused by? 17. Pacemaker action potential occurs in?? 18. QRS complex shows?? 19. AV nodal delay is useful because?? 20. Lyme disease causes which heart block?
11. Period between aortic valve closing and opening of mitral valve 12. right 13. Mitral area 14. ? MVP 15. Ca influx 16. Massive K efflux 17. SA AV node 18. Ventricular depolarization 19. Allows time for ventricular filling 20. 3rd degree
843
21. Sawtooth appearance?? 22. Cushing triad?? 23. Aortic arch responds??? And transmits via??? 24. Highest blood flow per gran of tissue??? 25. Pulmonary vascular hypoxia cause? 26. Autoregulation In brain caused by? 27. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure good approximation of which pressure? 28. Boot shape heart?
21. Latrial flutter 22. Hypertension, bradycardia and respiratory depression 23. ?? Inc Bp only -- vagus nerve 24. ?? Kidney 25. Vasoconstrictiin 26. Co2(ph) 27. Left atrial pressure 28. TOF
844
29. Preductal coarctation of aorta associated with which congenital syn? 30. Drug to close PDA? 31. Infant of diabetic mother --- > congenital defect?? 32. Hyperplasia onion skinning seen in?? 33. Most common site of atherosclerosis ?? 34. Thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with? 35. Common cause of dear hiring first few hours after MI? 36. Marker for reinfarction? 37. V1-V2 ----> infarction location? 38. Autoimmune pericarditis after MI? 39. Sudden death in young athlete? 40. Gold standard in first 6 hours of MI?
29. ? Turner syn 30. Indonethacin 31. ??transposition of great vessels 32. Malignant hypertension 33. Abdominal aorta 34. ? Hypertension 35. Arrhythmia 36. ?ckmb 37. ? Anterioseptal 38. ?i syn 39. HOCM 40. ECG
845
41. Etiology of dialated cardiomyopathy? 42. Isolated right heart failure is due to??? 43. Heart failure cells ? LHF/RHF 44. IV drug abusers endocarditis valves involved? 45. Colon cancer having IE?? Organism 46. In rheumatic fever early death die to?? 47. RF which type of hypersensitivity ? 48. Atrial myxoma involves which site of heart? 49. early lesion in rheumatic fever ?? 50. Most frequent primary cardiac tumor on children?
41. Alcohol abuse, beriberi, cocaine use, Chaga disease, doxuebecin, hemochromatosis 42. Cor pulmonale 43. LHF 44. Tricuspid 45. . Strep bovis 46. Myocarditis 47. ? Type 2 48. Left atrium 49. MVP 50. Rhabdomyosarcoma
846
51. Eosinophilia is seen in which vasculitis? 52. Pulseless disease? 53. Vasculitis associated with heavy smokers? 54. Angiosarcoma associated with? 55. Benign painful , red blue tumor under finger Nails? 56. Vitamin causing hyperglycemia ? 57. Torsa de pointes caused by drug??? Name 2 58. Adenosine action time? 59. Name 2 important function of digoxin? 60. Which drugs decrease effect of bad cholesrterol ?? 61. Dysphagia is caused by enlargement of which part of heart ?
51. Churg Strauss sys 52. Takayasu 53. Beurgers disease ( thromboangitis obliterans ) 54. chloride, thorium dioxide and arsenic 55. Glomus tumor 56. Niacin 57. quinidine, sotalol and ibutilide 58. 15sec 59. Inhibition NaK atpase and vagus nerve stimulation 60. Statins 61. left atrium
847
Things you should know about Cardiac markers for MI: 1) ... ________ first comes and first goes (__________) 2) ... ________ is called "lazy enzyme" because it comes late, and goes late ( ____________) 3) ... _______ has the greatest sensitivity and specificity. 4) ...The investigation of choice within first hour of MI is " ________" 5) ..." ________" is useful for confirmation of reinfarction as this enzyme disappears after 72 hours of MI. - ______ disappears after - _______ disappears after 72 hours. - ________disappears after 7 - 10 days. - ________ disappears after 14 days. Scenerio 1: CKMB of patient is normal. Trop-I is raised. _________ post MI patient. Scenerio 2: CKMB and trop - I of patient is normal. LDH is raised. _______ MI patient. This is all you should know about cardiac enzymes, and this covers each and every MCQ for part 1. If any thing is missing, please add. Thanks
Things you should know about Cardiac markers for MI: 1)... Myoglobin first comes and first goes (rises first, disappears first) 2)...LDH is called "lazy enzyme" because it comes late, and goes late (rises after 24 hours and remain till 14 days) 3)...Trop-I has the greatest sensitivity and specificity. 4)...The investigation of choice within first hour of MI is "CKMB" 5)..."CKMB" is useful for confirmation of reinfarction as this enzyme disappears after 72 hours of MI. So, if a patient comes after 72 hours of initial infarction, and you are suspecting a reinfarction, go for "CKMB". - Myoglobin disappears after 24 to 48 hours. - CKMB disappears after 72 hours. - Trop I disappears after 7 - 10 days. - LDH disappears after 14 days. Scenerio 1: CKMB of patient is normal. Trop-I is raised. He is 3 - 10 days post MI patient. Scenerio 2: CKMB and trop - I of patient is normal. LDH is raised. He is 10 - 14 days MI patient. This is all you should know about cardiac enzymes, and this covers each and every MCQ for part 1. If any thing is missing, please add. Thanks
848
• Stimulation of Right vagus
• Stimulation of Right vagus slows the heart by inhibiting the SA node an stimulation of Left vagus nerve mainly slows the AV conduction
849
• Stimulation of Right stallete ganglion
• Stimulation of Right stallete ganglion accelerates the heart and stimulation of Left stellate ganglion shortens the AV nodal conduction
850
• SA node discharge ________ in __________ temperature
• SA node discharge increases with increase in temperature justifying tachycardia in fever
851
• MURMURS: aortic/ pulmonary valves… stenosis= insufficiency= Mitral or tricuspid valves… stenosis =, insufficiency=
• MURMURS: aortic/ pulmonary valves… stenosis=systolic murmur, insufficiency=diastolic Mitral or tricuspid valves… stenosis =diastolic murmur, insufficiency systolic
852
• _______ don’t cause any change on Cardiac output…(its an MCQ…)
• Sleep don’t cause any change on Cardiac output…(its an MCQ…)
853
• Athletes have greater
• Athletes have greater end systolic volume and stroke volumes and lower heart rates
854
• Hematocrit is %age of blood occupied by ____________… | but according to ganong bcq ans is hemotocrit is ______________
• Hematocrit is %age of blood occupied by RBCs… | but according to ganong bcq ans is hemotocrit is all platelets,rbc,WBC
855
• Noradrenergic fibers end on the
• Noradrenergic fibers end on the vessels in all parts of the body which are mainly vasoconstrictor in function.. resistance vessels in skeletal muscles are innervated by VASODILATOR fibers which although trevel thru the sympethetics but are CHOLINERGIC….. there is some evidence that vessels in heart, lungs , kidneys, and ureters also receive cholinergic innervations
856
• The afferent nerve fibers from the carotid sinus and carotid body form
• The afferent nerve fibers from the carotid sinus and carotid body form a distinct branch of glossopharyngeal nerve called CAROTID SINUS NERVE. The carotid sinus nerve and vagal fibers from the aortc arch commonly called the BUFFER NERVES
857
During shock the vasoconstriction is most marked in _______
During shock the vasoconstriction is most marked in SKIN
858
SA node is supplied by ____... AV node is supplied by ____ LBB is supplied by _____.... RBB is supplied by _____...
SA node is supplied by RCA... AV node is supplied by RCA LBB is supplied by RCA.... RBB is supplied by LCA...
859
Ground Glass on X_Ray clue to __________... | Storm like Appearance on x-ray Clue to _______.....
Ground Glass on X_Ray clue to ASBESTOSIS... | Storm like Appearance on x-ray Clue to Silicosis.....
860
Known hypertensive patient with Chest Pain ECG ST segment elevation but Trop -T is negative... most likely diagnosis is..
Known hypertensive patient with Chest Pain ECG ST segment elevation but Trop -T is negative... most likely diagnosis is.. Myocardial Infarction not Pericarditis.....
861
Young Female with Diffuse Loss of Vibration Sense.... Most Likely investigation is...
Young Female with Diffuse Loss of Vibration Sense.... Most Likely investigation is... Gastric Biopsy..... not X-Ray spine
862
Patient Blood Pressure became sudden high when he took
Patient Blood Pressure became sudden high when he took | Coffee>>>>>> Chocolate
863
1))) deltoid ligament ...... >>>>>> calcaneofibular logament injured during
1))) deltoid ligament ...... when foot is EVERTED excessively anterior talofibular>>>>>> calcaneofibular logament injured during excessive INVERSION
864
2))) Inversion and Eversion take place at _________ Joint.... while Dorsi and Plantar Flexion Take Place at ________ joint...
2))) Inversion and Eversion take place at Subtalar Joint.... | while Dorsi and Plantar Flexion Take Place at ANKLE joint...
865
During Sleep which Hormone increases | _______>>>>>>>>>>>> ________....
During Sleep which Hormone increases | GH>>>>>>>>>>>>Cortisol....
866
Three Calculations U are Expected to master...... Repeated in All term... 1) Mean Arterial pressure 2) Alveolar ventilation 3) Clearance...
Three Calculations U are Expected to master...... Repeated in All term... 1) Mean Arterial pressure 2) Alveolar ventilation 3) Clearance...
867
IgE released from Histamine releases from...
IgE released from Mast Cell>>>>>>> Basophils.. Histamine releases from... Mast cell>>>>>>Basophils
868
1) ) Natural Defense Mechanism against Neoplasia is ________...... 2) Tumor Oncogenes involved in
1) ) Natural Defense Mechanism against Neoplasia is Apoptosis...... Not Antibodies not Macrophage... 2) Tumor Oncogenes involved in Cell Survival. Not Shortened G1 phase
869
Mother Blood Group A having 2 babies... one baby has o and other has AB blood Group. Which Blood Group Father has Having.. its.
Mother Blood Group A having 2 babies... one baby has o and other has AB blood Group. Which Blood Group Father has Having.. its. BO blood group genotype
870
Kallman Syndrome Confused Many Students in 18 November 20 Novembet online and 1 January as well. ... D'''''nt Confuse with X or Y Chromosome........ as did it many before Clear Cut Answer is LEsion in
Kallman Syndrome Confused Many Students in 18 November 20 Novembet online and 1 January as well. ... D'''''nt Confuse with X or Y Chromosome........ as did it many before Clear Cut Answer is LEsion in Arcuate Nucleus
871
Aspirin can causes both Acidosis and Alkalosis........ .. it was about intoxication and ________ is Right Answer
Aspirin can causes both Acidosis and Alkalosis........ .. it was about intoxication and COMA is Right Answer
872
Max Renal Reabsorbed Substance is
Max Renal Reabsorbed Substance is GLUCOSE...... | Neither Choose INULIN NOR SODIUM
873
Facts a) Blood Buffer ______ b) intraCelluar Buffer _______ c) RBCs Buffer ______
Facts a) Blood Buffer HCO3 b) intraCelluar Buffer Proteins c) RBCs Buffer HB
874
Benzodiazepine Causes marked Decrease Blood Pressure in
Benzodiazepine Causes marked Decrease Blood Pressure in HYPOVOLUMIC PATIENT..... NOT OLD AGE
875
Bile Salts | Bile Acid
Bile Salts Water soluble | Bile Acid Lipid Soluble..
876
Biceps Reflex Physician when strikes tendon..... Checks
Biceps Reflex Physician when strikes tendon..... Checks Muscle Spindle......... NOT Golgi tendon Organ..........
877
When Blood Pressure Drops...... What Happens???? | Ans is
When Blood Pressure Drops...... What Happens???? | Ans is Decrease Stretch Baroreceptor.....
878
Premalignant Condition is
Premalignant Condition is | ERYTHROPLEKIA>>>>>>>LEUKOPLEKIA
879
``` Patient With Jaundice TOC is a) AST b) AST plus Bilirubin c)) ALP D)) ALP Plus Bilirubin ```
``` Patient With Jaundice TOC is a) AST b) AST plus Bilirubin c)) ALP D)) ALP Plus Bilirubin its AST plus Bilirubin.... ```
880
Which of following Decreases Potassium Secretion..... a) Addison disease b) Potassium sparing Diuretics...
Which of following Decreases Potassium Secretion..... a) Addison disease b) Potassium sparing Diuretics... Its Potassium Sparing Diuretics.....
881
Midway Point Between Anterior Superior ilac Supine and Pubic Tubercle is ____________..... Mid way Between Anterior Superior iliac Supine and Symphysis Pubis is ________..
Midway Point Between Anterior Superior ilac Supine and Pubic Tubercle is FEMORAL NERVE..... Mid way Between Anterior Superior iliac Supine and Symphysis Pubis is FEMORAL ARTERY..
882
GVE vagus nerve for preganglionic fiber arises from –
GVE vagus nerve for preganglionic fiber arises from – Dorsal nucleus. D'nt choose Nucleus Ambigus and Solitarius
883
During Inspiration. true is | Remember HR
During Inspiration. true is | Remember HR increases
884
About Cerebral Arteries is True....
About Cerebral Arteries is True.... once entered into Brain Substance Never Anastomose....
885
26) nucleus cuneatus and nucleus
26) nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis lesion caises asteriognosia
886
Urethra Injuries :::: 1 Rupture of Anterior Wall ... Caused by Fracture of Pelvis >> Leads to extravasation of Urine in Retropubic Space (Retzius Space) (its Extraperitoneal ) 2 Rupture of Posterior Wall ... Caused by Compression Injury >> Leads to extravasation of Urine in the peritoneal cavity 3 Injury of Urehtra ABOVE the urogenital Diaphragm >> Damages the Posterior Urehtra >>Leads to extravasation of Urine in Retropubic Space (Retzius Space) 4 Injury of Urehtra BELOW the urogenital Diaphragm >>Damages the Anterior Urethra>> Leads to extravasation of Urine in SUPERFICIAL Perineal Pouch ...as in Below injury it will lead to damage of Both the Bulbous and Membranous Urehtra ... its the most Common type of Injury ,,e.g Boy Slips of a bicycle and falls on the crossbar 5 Rupture of Penile Urethra >> Pure Anterior Urethral Injury >> Leads to Extravasation of Urin in Scrotum 6 Rupture of Membranous Urethra >> Leads to Extravasation of Urin in Deep Perniral Pouch /Space 7 Rupture of Bulbous Urethra >> Leads to Extravasation of Urin in Superficial Pouch / Space in a NUTSHEL :::::: Rupture of Anterior Wall >> Urine in Retropubic Space (Retzius Space) Rupture of Posterior Wall >> Urine in the Peritoneal Cavity Injury of Urehtra ABOVE the urogenital Diaphragm Injury of Urehtra BELOW the urogenital Diaphragm you can remeber this Mnemonic for this one PS : this Managing Director is full of Bull S PS : this MD is full of BS Rupture of Penile Urethra >> Extravasation of Urin in Scrotum Rupture of Membranous Urethra >> Extravasation of Urin in Deep Perniral Pouch Rupture of Bulbous Urethra >> Extravasation of Urin in Superficial Pouch
Urethra Injuries :::: 1 Rupture of Anterior Wall ... Caused by Fracture of Pelvis >> Leads to extravasation of Urine in Retropubic Space (Retzius Space) (its Extraperitoneal ) 2 Rupture of Posterior Wall ... Caused by Compression Injury >> Leads to extravasation of Urine in the peritoneal cavity 3 Injury of Urehtra ABOVE the urogenital Diaphragm >> Damages the Posterior Urehtra >>Leads to extravasation of Urine in Retropubic Space (Retzius Space) 4 Injury of Urehtra BELOW the urogenital Diaphragm >>Damages the Anterior Urethra>> Leads to extravasation of Urine in SUPERFICIAL Perineal Pouch ...as in Below injury it will lead to damage of Both the Bulbous and Membranous Urehtra ... its the most Common type of Injury ,,e.g Boy Slips of a bicycle and falls on the crossbar 5 Rupture of Penile Urethra >> Pure Anterior Urethral Injury >> Leads to Extravasation of Urin in Scrotum 6 Rupture of Membranous Urethra >> Leads to Extravasation of Urin in Deep Perniral Pouch /Space 7 Rupture of Bulbous Urethra >> Leads to Extravasation of Urin in Superficial Pouch / Space in a NUTSHEL :::::: Rupture of Anterior Wall >> Urine in Retropubic Space (Retzius Space) Rupture of Posterior Wall >> Urine in the Peritoneal Cavity Injury of Urehtra ABOVE the urogenital Diaphragm Injury of Urehtra BELOW the urogenital Diaphragm you can remeber this Mnemonic for this one PS : this Managing Director is full of Bull S PS : this MD is full of BS Rupture of Penile Urethra >> Extravasation of Urin in Scrotum Rupture of Membranous Urethra >> Extravasation of Urin in Deep Perniral Pouch Rupture of Bulbous Urethra >> Extravasation of Urin in Superficial Pouch
887
patient with Palpitations with Free T3 High and TSH is LOW... CRH is Given and TSH becomes High....
patient with Palpitations with Free T3 High and TSH is LOW... CRH is Given and TSH becomes High.... Problem is Within Thyroid Gland.
888
isometric contraction is differed from isovolumetric contraction ON BASIS OF
isometric contraction is differed from isovolumetric contraction ON BASIS OF HIGH PHOSPHATE ENERGY USAGE
889
Gastric motility is Decreased by ____________..... Gastric EMPTYING is INCREASED by _________...... REALLY REPEATED AND TRICKY
Gastric motility is Decreased by Distension..... Gastric EMPTYING is INCREASED by DISTESION...... REALLY REPEATED AND TRICKY
890
CLOt Retraction is Mediated by ____________......
CLOt Retraction is Mediated by Thrombsthenin...... | clot retraction means help in cloting
891
first Line of defense against foreign is
first Line of defense against foreign is TISSUE MACROPHAGE not NEUTROPHIL
892
receptor for IGE is present on
receptor for IGE is present on BASOPHIL.. not EOSINOPHIL....
893
B-12 deficiency _______ Ataxia.....
B-12 deficiency Sensory Ataxia..... not MOTOR ATAXIA
894
major stress hormone is
major stress hormone is CORTISOL >>>>>ACTH>>>>>adrenaline
895
Hallmark of HIV is Proliferation of Virus ________.... And Hallmark of AIDS is
Hallmark of HIV is Proliferation of Virus inside T-cell.... And Hallmark of AIDS is progroessive immune system deficiency...... Tricky
896
Highest Sodium is in ______ | 11) HIghest Cholestrol is IN
Highest Sodium is in SOUP... not BREAD | 11) HIghest Cholestrol is IN EGG not RED MEAT..... .
897
10) moat common Fractured Bone is
10) moat common Fractured Bone is TIBIA not FEMUR
898
Defecation is caused by _______.. Defecation Reflex is caused by
Defecation is caused by Mass Movement.. Defecation Reflex is caused by Gastrocolic Reflex
899
Major Determinant of CO is....
Major Determinant of CO is VR.... | VR is also Major factor for Mean Systemic Filling Pressure..
900
Intrafusal central Portion is
Intrafusal central Portion is Muscle Spindle which is sensory portion Stimulated to STRETCH.. Deactivated When Muscle CONTRACTS........ most repeated mcq of 2015... MNEMONIC.. *S*pindle has S.. AND *S*pin has S... spin is ALWASYS central....
901
) intrafusal innervate by
) intrafusal innervate by Gamma A neuron... | mnemonic Gamma Is END and END IS to Enter(intra) to Heaven for Muslim
902
extrafusal innervated by
extrafusal innervated by Alpha A motor Neuron..... | Mnemonic Extra always Gets A grade
903
S1 ____________________ and S2 ______________
S1 isovolumetric contraction and S2 isovolumetric Relaxation.. Mneomonic... Relaxation needs time so isovolmetric Relaxation S2... q
904
HPV virus After 2 years causes
HPV virus After 2 years causes Cervical Dysplasia.. Not Carcinoma.....
905
* Flexion and extension takes place in ________ section | * Adduction and abduction take place in _______ section
* Flexion and extension takes place in sagittal section | * Adduction and abduction take place in coronal section
906
• Hair follicles are invaginations of
• Hair follicles are invaginations of epidermis into the dermis.
907
* Sebaceous glands lie within the * Sweat glands expand * Sebaceous glands are not present in * Sweat glands are not present on
* Sebaceous glands lie within the dermis and pour their secretion, the sebem ONTO the shaft of hairs. * Sweat glands expand full thickness of dermis and their extremity may lie in superficial fascia. They are the most deeply placed structure of all appandeges. * Sebaceous glands are not present in lips, palms, sides of fingers, glans penis and clitoris, labia minora and internal surfaces of labia majora, soles, sides of feet and sides of toes. * Sweat glands are not present on red margins of lips, nail buds, glans penis, clitoris,
908
* Boil is infection of * Carbuncle is * Sebaceous cyst most frequently occurs at ______.
* Boil is infection of hair follicle and sebaceous gland. * Carbuncle is staphylococcal infection of superficial fascia. It usually occurs at nape of neck and starts as infection of hair follicle or group of follicles. * Sebaceous cyst most frequently occurs at scalp.
909
• Partial thickness burn heals from the cells of
• Partial thickness burn heals from the cells of hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands and from the cells of edges of burn. A burn that extends deeper than sweat gland heals slowly and only from edges.
910
Nerve to muscle is a _______ nerve,____% is motor and ____% is sensory.
Nerve to muscle is a mixed nerve, 60% is motor and 40% is sensory.
911
• Primary cartilageonus joints are those n which the bones are united by plate of ________. Examples are union _____________ & cartilagenou joint are those in which the bones are joined by fibrocartilage and articular surfaces are covered by __________. Example are joints
* Primary cartilageonus joints are those n which the bones are united by plate of hayaline cartilage. Examples are union b/w epiphysis and diaphysis and b/w first rib and manubrium. * Secondry cartilagenou joint are those in which the bones are joined by fibrocartilage and articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage. Example are joints b/w vertebral bodies and the symphesis pubis.
912
HILTON’s LAW.
HILTON’s LAW. Sensory Nerve supplying the joint also supplies the muscles that cause movement on that joint and the skin overlying the insertion of these muscles.
913
Flat bones are composed of
Flat bones are composed of outer and inner layer of compact bone called the TABLES and middle layer of cancellous bone the DIPOLE. Scapula is irregular but is included in flat bones.
914
In bone the extracellular matrix is __________.
In bone the extracellular matrix is calcified.
915
• Two sympethetic chains end below by joining together to form a single ganglion the
• Two sympethetic chains end below by joining together to form a single ganglion the GANGLION IMPAR.
916
* Preganglionic are | * Postganglionic are
* Preganglionic are myelinated adnd type B fibers. | * Postganglionic are nonmyelinated and type C fibers
917
• Lymphatic vessels are absent in
• Lymphatic vessels are absent in CNS, eyeball, internal ear, epidermis of skin, cartilage, bone.
918
• In certain areas of bodies especially the tips of fingers and toes the arteries and vein connect directly without intervention of capillaries. These areas are called
• In certain areas of bodies especially the tips of fingers and toes the arteries and vein connect directly without intervention of capillaries. These areas are called arteriovenous anastomosis
919
• Tendons invaginate the synovial sheath from a side and are suspended by ___.
• Tendons invaginate the synovial sheath from a side and are suspended by mesotendons. Mesotendons transmit the blood vessels. In areas where wide range of movement is there these mesotendons remain as vinulae.
920
Herpes encephalitis -->
Herpes encephalitis --> temporal lobe calicification
921
Obese woman, papilloedema/headache -->
Benign Intercanial Hypertention.
922
Drug induced pneumonitis -->
Drug induced pneumonitis --> methotrexate or amiodarone.
923
9. foreign travel, macpap rash/flu like illnes -->
9. foreign travel, macpap rash/flu like illnes --> HIV acute.
924
11. bullae on hands and fragule SKIN torn by minor trauma -->
11. bullae on hands and fragule SKIN torn by minor trauma --> porphyria cutanea tarda.
925
12. Splenectomy --> need
12. Splenectomy --> need pneumococcal vaccine AT LEAST 2 weeks pre-op and for life.
926
14. middle aged man with KNEE arthritis -->
14. middle aged man with KNEE arthritis --> gonococcal sepsis (older people -> Staph).
927
electrolytes disturbance causing confusion –
electrolytes disturbance causing confusion – low/high Na.
928
. contraindications lung Surgery -->
. contraindications lung Surgery --> FEV dec bp
929
1.5 cm difference btwn kidneys -> Renal artery stenosis -->
1.5 cm difference btwn kidneys -> Renal artery stenosis --> Magnetic resonance angiogram.
930
23. severe retroorbital, daily headache, lacrimation -->
cluster headache.
931
pemphigus – pemphigoid –
pemphigus – involves mouth (mucus membranes), pemphigoid – less serious NOT mucosa.
932
insulinoma ->
v
933
Inf MI, artery invlived ->
Inf MI, artery invlived -> Right coronary artert.
934
Tumor compressing Respiratory tract --> investigation:
Tumor compressing Respiratory tract --> investigation: flow volume loop.
935
Horners – sweating lost in upper face only – lesion
Horners – sweating lost in upper face only – lesion proximal to common carotid artery.
936
Internuclear opthalmoplegia:
Internuclear opthalmoplegia: medial longitudinal fasciculus connects CN nucleus 3-4. Ipsilateral adduction palsy, contralateral nystagmus. Aide memoire (TRIES TO YANK THE ipsilateral BAD eye ACROSS THE nose ). Convergence retraction nystagmus, but convergence reflex is normal.
937
Progressive Supranuclear palsy:
Progressive Supranuclear palsy: Steel Richardson. Absent voluntary downward gaze, normal dolls eye . i.e. Occulomotor nuclei intact, supranuclear Pathology .
938
Perinauds syndrome:
Perinauds syndrome: dorsal midbrain syndrome, damaged midrain and superior colliculus: impaired upgaze (cf PSNP), lid retraction, convergence preserved. Causes: pineal tumor, stroke, hydrocephalus, MS.
939
diagnostic test for asthma ->
diagnostic test for asthma -> morning dip in PEFR >20%.
940
bisphosphonates:inhibit
bisphosphonates:inhibit osteoclast activity, prevent steroid incduced osteoperosis (vitamin D also).
941
returned from airline flight, TIA->
returned from airline flight, TIA-> paradoxical embolus do TOE.
942
mono-artropathy with thiazide ->
mono-artropathy with thiazide -> gout (neg birefringence). NO ALLOPURINOL for acute.
943
painful 3rd nerve palsy ->
painful 3rd nerve palsy -> posterior communicating artery aneurysm till proven otherwise
944
late complication of scleroderma -->
late complication of scleroderma --> pumonaryhypertention plus/minus fibrosis.
945
causes of erythema mutliforme:
causes of erythema mutliforme: lamotrigine
946
vomiting, abdominal pain, hypothyroidism ->
vomiting, abdominal pain, hypothyroidism -> Addisonian crisis (TFT typically abnormal in this setting DO NOT give thyroxine).
947
mouth/genital ulcers and oligarthritis ->
mouth/genital ulcers and oligarthritis -> behcets (also eye /SKIN lesions, DVT)
948
mixed drug overdose most important step ->
mixed drug overdose most important step -> Nacetylcysteine (time dependent prognosis)
949
cavernous sinus syndrome -
cavernous sinus syndrome - 3rd nerve palsy, proptosis, periorbital swlling, conj injectn 66. asymetric parkinsons -> likely to be idiopathic
950
. Sensitivity -->
. Sensitivity --> TP/(TP plus FN) e.g. For SLE - ANA highly sens, dsDNA:highly specific
951
RR is 8%. NNT is ---->
RR is 8%. NNT is ----> 100/8 --> 50/4 --> 25/2 --> 13.5
952
ipsilateral ataxia, Horners, contralateral loss pain/temp -->
ipsilateral ataxia, Horners, contralateral loss pain/temp --> PICA stroke (lateral medulary syndrome of Wallenburg)
953
Diagnosis of CLL -->
Diagnosis of CLL --> immunophenotyping NOT cytogenetics, NOT bone marrow
954
Prognostic factors for AML ->
Prognostic factors for AML -> bm karyotype (good/poor/standard) >> WCC at diagnosis.
955
miscariage, DVT, stroke -->
miscariage, DVT, stroke --> LUPUS anticoagulant --> lifelong anticoagulation
956
Hb elevated, dec ESR ->
Hb elevated, dec ESR -> polycythaemua (2ndry if paO2 low)
957
mitral stenosis:
mitral stenosis: loud S1 (soft s1 if severe), opening snap.. Immobile valve -> no snap.
958
pain, numbness lateral upper thigh -->
pain, numbness lateral upper thigh --> meralgia paraesthesia (lat cutaneous nerve compression usally by by ing ligament)
959
40 mg hidrocortisone divided doses (bd) -->
40 mg hidrocortisone divided doses (bd) --> 10 mg prednisolone (ie. Prednislone is x4 stronger)
960
Diptheria ->
Diptheria -> exudative pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, cardio and neuro toxicity.
961
Indurated plaques on cheeks, scarring alopecia, hyperkeratosis over hair follicles ->>
Indurated plaques on cheeks, scarring alopecia, hyperkeratosis over hair follicles ->>Discoid LUPUS
962
PASS---------->(p)Pulmonary and (a)aortic (s)stenosis me (s) SYSTOLIC MURMUR..
PASS---------->(p)Pulmonary and (a)aortic (s)stenosis me (s) SYSTOLIC MURMUR.. Vice Versa for Mitral and Tricuspid Stenosis (DIASTOLIC MURMUR)... PAID-------------->(p)Pulmonary and (a)Aortic (i) Insufficiency(regurgitation) me (d)DIASTOLIC murmur Vice versa for Mitral and Tricuspid regurgitation..(SYSTOLIC MURMUR)
963
Which induction agent produces cardiac stability?.
Which induction agent produces cardiac stability? Etomidate.
964
2. Lead pipe rigidity is seen in -- 3. Cog wheel rigidity is seen -- 4. Claspknife spasticity is seen --
2. Lead pipe rigidity is seen in -- extrapyramidal lesions 3. Cog wheel rigidity is seen -- extrapyramidal lesions 4. Claspknife spasticity is seen -- UMN lesions
965
. Rose Waaler test is done for?
. Rose Waaler test is done for? Rheumatoid arthritis
966
Cell best for chromosomal study?
Cell best for chromosomal study? Lymphocytes
967
Edema causes by plasma protein level below?
Edema causes by plasma protein level below? 50%
968
Acid phosphate is specific to which cell?
Acid phosphate is specific to which cell? Monocytes
969
10. NF1 - ________ gene - chromosome | 11. NF2- __________ gene - chromosome
10. NF1 - neurofibrin gene - chromosome 17 | 11. NF2- merlin gene - chromosome 22
970
Feeding, hunger, thirst center ? Stiety center ?
Feeding, hunger, thirst center ? Lateral hypothalamus ( remember when we are hungery we use our lateral limbs, our hands for eating) 17. Stiety center ? Ventromedial nucleus ( remember when we alot our size increases ventromedially)
971
Lanugo hair start forming at which age of intrauterine life?
Lanugo hair start forming at which age of intrauterine life? 5 months
972
Important MCQs points about posterior pituitary hormones 1) includes vasopressin(ADH) and oxytocin.. 2).both are nanopepide. 3) synthesized by hypothalamus(not pituitary) 4) stored and secreted by posterior pituitary gland.. 5) originates from 2 nuclei.. Supraoptic and paraventricular.. but ADH is mainly originates in SUPRAOPTIC and oxytocin in PARAVENTRICULAR nuclei.. ( formula to REMEMBER is... ADH maintains Sodium balance.. in...Supraoptic and oxytocin causes Parturation(Labour) in Paraventricular... 6) powerful stimulus for ADH secretion is NAUSEA.. 7) ADH mainly acts on late distal tubules (also on collecting ducts) via V2 receptors acting on aquaporin 2 to increase water permeability.. 8) ADH also acts via V1 receptor to cause vasoconstriction.. 9) oxytocin causes milk ejection from breast... not milk production ( which is by prolactin).. 10) oxytocin secretion is stimulated by suckling... cervical dilatation and orgasm... <<>>
Important MCQs points about posterior pituitary hormones 1) includes vasopressin(ADH) and oxytocin.. 2).both are nanopepide. 3) synthesized by hypothalamus(not pituitary) 4) stored and secreted by posterior pituitary gland.. 5) originates from 2 nuclei.. Supraoptic and paraventricular.. but ADH is mainly originates in SUPRAOPTIC and oxytocin in PARAVENTRICULAR nuclei.. ( formula to REMEMBER is... ADH maintains Sodium balance.. in...Supraoptic and oxytocin causes Parturation(Labour) in Paraventricular... 6) powerful stimulus for ADH secretion is NAUSEA.. 7) ADH mainly acts on late distal tubules (also on collecting ducts) via V2 receptors acting on aquaporin 2 to increase water permeability.. 8) ADH also acts via V1 receptor to cause vasoconstriction.. 9) oxytocin causes milk ejection from breast... not milk production ( which is by prolactin).. 10) oxytocin secretion is stimulated by suckling... cervical dilatation and orgasm... <<>>
973
)... insulin is secreted by cells...in.... ______ islets region. 2) ... glucagon is secreted by cells...in... ______ islets region 3) ...both are inhibited by ______..secreted by _______ cells... 4) ...both secretion is stimulated by.....1@______. 2@. ________
)... insulin is secreted by beta cells...in.... central islets region. 2) ... glucagon is secreted by alpha cells...in...outer islets region 3) ...both are inhibited by somatostatin..secreted by delta cells... 4) ...both secretion is stimulated by.....1@ Inc AMINO ACIDS. 2@. Ach
974
5) ...Inc BLOOD GLUCOSE stimulates _______ secretion...but... inhibits _______ secretion. 6) ...Inc FATTY ACIDS _______ insulin secretion...but... _______ glucagon secretion. 7) ...norepinephrine and epinephrine _______ glucagon secretion...but... _______ insulin secretion. 8) ...insulin ________ glucagon secretion...but...glucagon(growth hormone,cortisol and GIP) _______ insulin secretion. 9) ...CCK stimulates _________ secretion. 10) insulin _______ blood glucose ( _____________________ )..but... glucagon ________ blood glucose (____________) 11) ... __________ decreases blood fatty acids and keto acids..but... ______ inc blood fatty acid and keto acids 12) ... ____________ decreases blood K+ concentration. 13) ... ____________ increases urea production. 14) ...insulin is _________ but glucagon is __________...
5) ...Inc BLOOD GLUCOSE stimulates insulin secretion...but... inhibits glucagon secretion. 6) ...Inc FATTY ACIDS stimulates insulin secretion...but... inhibits glucagon secretion. 7) ...norepinephrine and epinephrine stimulates glucagon secretion...but... inhibits insulin secretion. 8) ...insulin inhibits glucagon secretion...but...glucagon(growth hormone,cortisol and GIP) stimulates insulin secretion. 9) ...CCK stimulates glucagon secretion. 10) insulin decreases blood glucose (by inc glucose uptake,glycogenisis and Dec in glycogenolysis,gluconeogenisis)..but... glucagon increase blood glucose ( by inc glycogenolysis, gluconeogenisis) 11) ...insulin decreases blood fatty acids and keto acids..but...glucagon inc blood fatty acid and keto acids 12) ... insulin decreases blood K+ concentration. 13) ...glucagon increases urea production. 14) ...insulin is ANABOLIC but glucagon is CATABOLIC...
975
In children and in pregnancy---------
In children and in pregnancy--------->Hep A
976
Most Lethal is in pregnancy-------->
Most Lethal is in pregnancy-------->Hep E | "E" for Hep E" "E",for Epidemics...
977
MOst common for HCC is
MOst common for HCC is hepB
978
Most lethal is ------------> Most common for chronic hepatitis is
Most lethal is ------------>Hep D | Most common for chronic hepatitis is Hep C
979
1) if asked acute liver failure in hepatitis than ans is __________ 2) IF asked only necrosis in viral hepatitis than ans is ____________ But if asked acute massive necrosis in hepatitis then ans is __________
1)if asked acute liver failure in hepatitis than ans is prolonged PT also decrease in factor 5 has got importance 2)IF asked only necrosis in viral hepatitis than ans is increase SGPT reference goljan page 470 4th edition.. But if asked acute massive necrosis in hepatitis then ans is increase in neutrophils.. for example in acute Myocardial infarction.. there is coagulative necrosis and neutrophils counts raises
980
Cingulate gyrus blood supply =
Cingulate gyrus blood supply = Anterior cerebral Artery
981
Pain from lower inferior segment of Diaphragm =
Pain from lower inferior segment of Diaphragm = Subcostal Nerves ( Phrenic supplies central tendon of diaphragm)
982
Patient lacerated the dorsal part of his wrist accidentally. He came in with difficulty to adduct the fingers and difficulty abducting the thumb. Which nerve was paralyzed =
Patient lacerated the dorsal part of his wrist accidentally. He came in with difficulty to adduct the fingers and difficulty abducting the thumb. Which nerve was paralyzed = Ulnar Nerve
983
Essential fatty acid =
Essential fatty acid = Linoleic acid (Also Linolenic Acid is among essentials)
984
Infective endocarditis diagnostic investigation =
Infective endocarditis diagnostic investigation = Blood culture (blood culture for diagnosis & ASO titre FOR THE EVIDENCE OF INFECTION )
985
Occulomotor nerve supplies =
Occulomotor nerve supplies = ciliary ganglion
986
Anion gap = Diff between measured cation and measured anion
Anion gap = Diff between measured cation and measured anion
987
Pregnant lady with bile duct obstruction. Diagnostic investigation =
Pregnant lady with bile duct obstruction. Diagnostic investigation = GGT (FOR NON PREG = CLICK ALP )
988
Q. During the early stages of an asthmatic attack, a. Arterial carbon dioxide tension decreases b. The equal pressure point moves toward the mouth c. Lung compliance increases d. Airway resistance decreases e. Arterial oxygen tension increases
Q. During the early stages of an asthmatic attack, a. Arterial carbon dioxide tension decreases b. The equal pressure point moves toward the mouth c. Lung compliance increases d. Airway resistance decreases e. Arterial oxygen tension increases The answer is a.
989
Heat loss walay question me agr temperature mention ho tu ans
Heat loss walay question me agr temperature mention ho tu ans conduction plus radiation hoga..(ganong bcq) tempertarture mention na ho tu acoording to guyton max heat loss is through radiation.. or agr statement me ETT mention ho tu ans evaporation hoga.
990
Hemodynamics of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) >>>
``` Hemodynamics of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) >>> 1)Right atrial dilatation and hypertrophy 2)delayed diastolic murmer and accentuation of first heart sound 3)Right ventricular hypertrophy 4)Parasternal heave 5)Pulmonary ejection murmer 6) P2 is delayed and accentuated ,wide split and fixed S2 7)Pulmonary plethora and pulmonary congestion ```
991
``` AIDS important points elective c.section is recomended mde of delivery in 1. 2. 3. ```
AIDS important points elective c.section is recomended mde of delivery in 1. who are not takin HAART therapy 2. with co existing hepititis C infection 3. viral load above 50 copies/ ml otherwise a planned vag delivery
992
1. .Tumours of Epiphyseal origin of Bone i. . ii. . 2. .Tumours of metaphyseal origin of Bone ii. . iii. . 3. .Tumors of diphyseal origin of Bone i. . ii. . iii. . iv. . v. .
1..Tumours of Epiphyseal origin of Bone i..Giant cell tumour ii.. Osteoblastoma 2..Tumours of metaphyseal origin of Bone ii..Osteosarcoma iii..Osteochondroma 3..Tumors of diphyseal origin of Bone i..Fibrosarcoma ii..Ewing sarcoma iii..Myeloma / metastasis iv..Osteoid Osteoma v.. Reticulum cell tumour / Round cell tumour
993
1...Giant cell...
1...Giant cell... 50 % occurs around the knee, locally aggressive, soap bubble appearnce on xray (due to Aneurysmal Bone Cyst ABC), multinucleated giant cells, 20 to 40 years
994
2...Osteochondroma...( exostosis )
2...Osteochondroma...( exostosis ) | Most common benign tumour , males less than 25 years
995
3...Osteosarcoma...
3...Osteosarcoma... 2nd most common primary malignant tumour, hematogenous spread to LLB (Lung, liver and brain) codmann triangle or sun burst pattern on xray
996
4...Ewing sarcoma...
4...Ewing sarcoma... Blue cell malignant tumour , extremely aggressive with early metastasis, Onion skin periosteal reaction in bone , Associated with t11;22 translocation
997
ote...A nemonic to remember important 3 tumours with their origin "GEOMEDia" GIANT CELL----》 OSTEOSARCOMA , OSTEOCHONDROMA'----》 EWING SARCOMA----》
``` ote...A nemonic to remember important 3 tumours with their origin "GEOMEDia" GIANT CELL----》EPIPHYSEAL OSTEOSARCOMA , OSTEOCHONDROMA'----》METAPHYSEAL EWING SARCOMA----》DIAPHYSEAL ```
998
RULE of. 7, 9, 10......... ( reposted with important addition ) 1)...7, 9, 10 2) ... 7,9, 10 3) ... 2, 7, 9, 10 4) ...3, 7, 9, 10 5) ... 5,7,9, 10
RULE of. 7, 9, 10......... ( reposted with important addition ) 1)...7, 9, 10 Cranial nerves carrying taste sensation to nucleus tractus soletarius 2)... 7,9, 10 Cranial nerves with SVE fibers supplying salivery glands (CN 10 to parotid) 3)... 2, 7, 9, 10 vit K dependent coagulation factors... 4)...3, 7, 9, 10 cranial nerves having parasympathtic fibers.. 5)... 5,7,9, 10 Cranial nerves having both motor and sensory fibers..
999
7)Dermatome levels of upper abdominal wall xipisternal joint in between xipisternal joint and umbilicus at the level of umbilical
``` 7)... T 7, 9, 10 Dermatome levels of upper abdominal wall T 7... xipisternal joint T 9... in between xipisternal joint and umbilicus ( also by T 8 ) T 10... at the level of umbilical ```
1000
• Lymph has ____________ than plasma..
• Lymph has lower protein content than plasma..
1001
• Thombin is procoagulant in circulation blood. It becomes anticoagulant __________
• Thombin is procoagulant in circulation blood. It becomes anticoagulant when it binds to thrombomodulin
1002
• Thrombomodulin is produced by all endothelial cells except that of _________
• Thrombomodulin is produced by all endothelial cells except that of microcicculation of brain
1003
• Serum has high serotonin level due to breakdown of _________.
• Serum has high serotonin level due to breakdown of platelets.
1004
• If whole blood is allowed to clot and clot is removed, remaining is called
• If whole blood is allowed to clot and clot is removed, remaining is called serum. (plasma minus factor 2,5,8,fibrinogen is called serum)(past MCQ)
1005
• A and B antigens are actually ___________ that differ in their terminal suger. In RBCs
• A and B antigens are actually oligosaccharides that differ in their terminal suger. In RBCs they are mostly OLIGOSPHINGOLIPIDS and in other tissues they are glycoprotiens.(past MCQ)
1006
* Blood group antigens are called ___________ * Blood group antibodies are called __________ * Blood group antigens are also present in
* Blood group antigens are called aglutinogens * Blood group antibodies are called agglutinins * Blood group antigens are also present in salivery gland, saliva, kidney, pancrease, liver, lungs, testes, semen, and amniotic fluid
1007
• Hb F has the ability to decrease the
• Hb F has the ability to decrease the polymerization of deoxygenated HbS. Hydroxyurea causes HbF production and is used in treatment of HbS
1008
• 2.5 % hb in adults is
• 2.5 % hb in adults is HbA2
1009
• Osmotic fragility of RBC starts at
• Osmotic fragility of RBC starts at 0.5% saline. Almost half the RBCs are lysed at 0.40 to 0.42% saline. Complete lysis occurs at 0.35% saline.
1010
• Platelet production is controlled by
• Platelet production is controlled by colony stimulating factor and thrombopoitin. Thrombopoitin controls the maturation of megakaryocytes and is produced by kidney and liver.
1011
• Cytoplasm of platelets contains ______________________ and two types of granules a. Dense granules: b. Alpha granules:
• Cytoplasm of platelets contains actin, myosin, glycogen, lysosomes, and two types of granules a. Dense granules: they have nonprotein substances. They contain serotoninand ADP b. Alpha granules: contain clotting factors, PDGF
1012
• Splenectomy causes increase in circulation ________.
• Splenectomy causes increase in circulation platelets.
1013
• Platelets _________.They have half life of ________
• Platelets don’t have nuclei.They have half life of 4 days
1014
• ________ increases slow wave sleep and reduces apetite
• IL1 increases slow wave sleep and reduces apetite
1015
• Cytokines are hormone like molecules that act generally in _______\_ fashion
• Cytokines are hormone like molecules that act generally in paracrine fashion
1016
• Pluripotent uncommitted stem cells become committed by the action of
• Pluripotent uncommitted stem cells become committed by the action of IL1, IL6 followed by IL3(I,3,6 commits the stem cells, kind of love guru )
1017
• Monocyte leave the circulation and become _________
• Monocyte leave the circulation and become macrophages in tissues. They donot reenter the circulation.
1018
• Total circulating blood is _____ of total body weight
• Total circulating blood is 8% of total body weight
1019
• Active bone marrow forming the blood cells is called and inactive marrow is called
• Active bone marrow forming the blood cells is called red marrow and inactive marrow is called yellow marrow. Inactive marrow is filled with fats.
1020
• __________\\ belongs to white blood cells producing myloid series
• 75% bone marrow belongs to white blood cells producing myloid series
1021
• Best source of hematopoitic stem cells is _________________
• Best source of hematopoitic stem cells is umbilical cord blood
1022
• Average half life of nutrophils in circulation is _________
• Average half life of nutrophils in circulation is 6 hours
1023
• ___________ are abundant in GIT and respiratory mucosa
• Eosinophils are abundant in GIT and respiratory mucosa
1024
A boy presented with muscle weakness with Gower sign +ve. Diagnosis? a. X linked dominant b. Autosomal recessive c. Autosomal dominant d. Y linked dominant e. X linked recessive
A boy presented with muscle weakness with Gower sign +ve. Diagnosis? a. X linked dominant b. Autosomal recessive c. Autosomal dominant d. Y linked dominant e. X linked recessive Ans: E
1025
Patient doctor relationship based on? a. Informed working b. Mutual benefit c. Mutual respect d. Mutual trust e. Long relation
Patient doctor relationship based on? a. Informed working b. Mutual benefit c. Mutual respect d. Mutual trust e. Long relation Ans: D
1026
Decrease in functional haemoglobin as in anemia Carbon monoxide poisoning n Methemoglobinemia will not causes hyperoxia hyperpnoea because? a. Stimulated by central receptors b. Stimulated by carotid body c. Arterial pO2 remains normal d. Arterial oxygen content is kept in normal range
Decrease in functional haemoglobin as in anemia Carbon monoxide poisoning n Methemoglobinemia will not causes hyperoxia hyperpnoea because? a. Stimulated by central receptors b. Stimulated by carotid body c. Arterial pO2 remains normal d. Arterial oxygen content is kept in normal range Ans: C
1027
Hyperpolarization occurs due to which ion? a. Na b. Efflux of K c. Cl
Hyperpolarization occurs due to which ion? a. Na b. Efflux of K c. Cl Ans: B
1028
Temporary adhesion by? a. Selectin b. Integrin
Temporary adhesion by? a. Selectin b. Integrin Ans: A
1029
Serration of Upper fibre of external oblique with? a. Serratus anterior b. Latissimus dorsi c. Quadratus lumborum d. Serratus posterior
Serration of Upper fibre of external oblique with? a. Serratus anterior b. Latissimus dorsi c. Quadratus lumborum d. Serratus posterior Ans: A
1030
Chondrocyte convert to osteoblast with help of? a. Testosterone b. Amylin c. Somatotropin d. Somatomedin e. Somatostatin
Chondrocyte convert to osteoblast with help of? a. Testosterone b. Amylin c. Somatotropin d. Somatomedin e. Somatostatin Ans: C
1031
Bleeding from gums with temp 101F. Reduced platelet I guess 130000 and then what investigation will help in definitive diagnosis? a. Serology b. Bone marrow biopsy c. CBC
Bleeding from gums with temp 101F. Reduced platelet I guess 130000 and then what investigation will help in definitive diagnosis? a. Serology b. Bone marrow biopsy c. CBC Ans: B
1032
Supply to back? a. Dorsal primary rami b. Ventral primary rami
Supply to back? a. Dorsal primary rami b. Ventral primary rami Ans: A
1033
Fluent aphasia. Lesion in? a. Angular b. Wernicke’s c. Broca
Fluent aphasia. Lesion in? a. Angular b. Wernicke’s c. Broca Ans: B
1034
Baroreceptors respond more to? a. Decrease in arterial BP b. Increase in arterial BP c. Pco2 of blood
Baroreceptors respond more to? a. Decrease in arterial BP b. Increase in arterial BP c. Pco2 of blood Ans: A (Aortic Arch baroreceptors Respond to increases, but not to decreases in arterial pressure while Carotid Sinus baroreceptors Responds to both, increase as well as to decrease in arterial pressure)
1035
Anti-inflammatory action of steroids is on? a. Phospholipase C b. Phospholipase A
Anti-inflammatory action of steroids is on? a. Phospholipase C b. Phospholipase A Ans: B
1036
University student diarrhea, pain abdomen given 5HT3 inhibitor? a. Hyocynine b. Dycyclomine c. Loperamide. d. Aloserton
University student diarrhea, pain abdomen given 5HT3 inhibitor? a. Hyocynine b. Dycyclomine c. Loperamide. d. Aloserton D
1037
Regarding nucleus which of the following is right? a. Nucleoli contain large no of ribosomal DNA b. Euchromatin is transcriptional active for the synthesis of RNA
Regarding nucleus which of the following is right? a. Nucleoli contain large no of ribosomal DNA b. Euchromatin is transcriptional active for the synthesis of RNA Ans: B
1038
Which structure pass immediately posterior to medial malleolus? a. Tibialis posterior tendon b. Tibialis anterior c. Tibial artery d. Peroneus longus
Which structure pass immediately posterior to medial malleolus? a. Tibialis posterior tendon b. Tibialis anterior c. Tibial artery d. Peroneus longus Ans: A
1039
Which of the following do dorsiflexion at ankle joint? a. Tibialis posterior b. Peroneus longus c. Tibialis anterior d. Peroneus brevis
Which of the following do dorsiflexion at ankle joint? a. Tibialis posterior b. Peroneus longus c. Tibialis anterior d. Peroneus brevis Ans: C
1040
Exudate different from transudate in? a. Protein above 2.0 percent b. Specific gravity 1.020 c. Mainly in albumin d. Increased lymphocytes
Exudate different from transudate in? a. Protein above 2.0 percent b. Specific gravity 1.020 c. Mainly in albumin d. Increased lymphocytes Ans: D
1041
Sulpha drugs act on which part of the bacterial cell wall? a. Cell wall b. Protein c. Tetrahydrofolate d. Dihydrofolate
Sulpha drugs act on which part of the bacterial cell wall? a. Cell wall b. Protein c. Tetrahydrofolate d. Dihydrofolate Ans: C
1042
Facture of anterior inferior iliac spine which of the following is responsible for pelvic avulsion? a. Rectus femoris b. Quadriceps c. Sartorius d. Obturator internus
Facture of anterior inferior iliac spine which of the following is responsible for pelvic avulsion? a. Rectus femoris b. Quadriceps c. Sartorius d. Obturator internus Ans: A
1043
A vibrating tuning fork was placed which of the following will respond? a. Ruffini b. Pacinian c. Merkel disc d. Free nerve endings
A vibrating tuning fork was placed which of the following will respond? a. Ruffini b. Pacinian c. Merkel disc d. Free nerve endings Ans: B
1044
Which of the following is correct regarding bronchopulmonary segments? a. It is the respiratory unit of the lung b. Right is functional unit of the lung
Which of the following is correct regarding bronchopulmonary segments? a. It is the respiratory unit of the lung b. Right is functional unit of the lung Ans: B
1045
Non-smoker of squamous cell CA of lungs diagnosed. What is the most case of this CA in environmental? a. Radon b. Asbestos c. Aromatase d. Silicon e. Opium
Non-smoker of squamous cell CA of lungs diagnosed. What is the most case of this CA in environmental? a. Radon b. Asbestos c. Aromatase d. Silicon e. Opium Ans: A
1046
A HTN Patient presented with eye problem and was diagnosed as grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy. Which of the following is the target of HTN in retina? a. Veins b. Arteries c. Retina nerves fibres d. Arterioles e. Venules
A HTN Patient presented with eye problem and was diagnosed as grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy. Which of the following is the target of HTN in retina? a. Veins b. Arteries c. Retina nerves fibres d. Arterioles e. Venules Ans: D
1047
Substance that act on meu receptors at which area in the rostrum? a. Limbic system b. Medial thalamus c. Sensory Cortex
Substance that act on meu receptors at which area in the rostrum? a. Limbic system b. Medial thalamus c. Sensory Cortex Ans: B
1048
Female has HTN presented with Dysphagia disatgria. Ptosis meiosis anhydrosis and enophthalmos. Which artery is blocked? a. Superior cerebellar artery b. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery c. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery d. Labyrinthine artery
Female has HTN presented with Dysphagia disatgria. Ptosis meiosis anhydrosis and enophthalmos. Which artery is blocked? a. Superior cerebellar artery b. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery c. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery d. Labyrinthine artery Ans: B
1049
Pregnant female has increase amniotic fluid and screening done and there was raised Alpha-fetoprotein. Diagnosis? a. Anencephaly b. Spina bifidia occult c. Atresia
Pregnant female has increase amniotic fluid and screening done and there was raised Alpha-fetoprotein. Diagnosis? a. Anencephaly b. Spina bifidia occult c. Atresia Ans: A
1050
Pethidine compared to Morphine? a. Pethidine more potent than morphine b. Lower limb weakness c. Pethidine is less addictive as compared to morphine. d. Fast acting
Pethidine compared to Morphine? a. Pethidine more potent than morphine b. Lower limb weakness c. Pethidine is less addictive as compared to morphine. d. Fast acting Ans: D (Pethidine is ten times more lipid-soluble than morphine and therefore has a faster onset)
1051
True about kidney: a. Artery posterior to ureter b. Ureter posterior to vein c. Is enclosed by fascia with their own supra renal gland d. Hilum at 4th lumbar vertebrae
True about kidney: a. Artery posterior to ureter b. Ureter posterior to vein c. Is enclosed by fascia with their own supra renal gland d. Hilum at 4th lumbar vertebrae Ans: C
1052
Citrate is useful anticoagulant because it causes?
Citrate is useful anticoagulant because it causes? Ans: Calcium chelation
1053
A patient after RTA brought to ER having fracture right femur right humerus and right tibia having pulse 120 and BP 90/70 what will u do first? a. Stabilization and reduction of fractures b. Tracheostomy c. Volume replacement d. Fracture radiology
A patient after RTA brought to ER having fracture right femur right humerus and right tibia having pulse 120 and BP 90/70 what will u do first? a. Stabilization and reduction of fractures b. Tracheostomy c. Volume replacement d. Fracture radiology Ans: C
1054
Highest reabsorption of which substance? a. Glucose | b. Na c. K d. Water
Highest reabsorption of which substance? a. Glucose | b. Na c. K d. Water Ans: A
1055
A substance plasma concentration was 20mg/dl and urine concentration was 100mg/dl and urine flow is 2ml/mints. What is clearance of substance? a. 20 ml/mint b. 30 ml/mint c. 40 ml/mint
A substance plasma concentration was 20mg/dl and urine concentration was 100mg/dl and urine flow is 2ml/mints. What is clearance of substance? a. 20 ml/mint b. 30 ml/mint c. 40 ml/mint Ans: A
1056
Most likely to occur in extensive inflammation? a. Raised platelets count b. Raised basophils c. Total WBC more than 40000 d. Neutrophils not raised e. Eosinophil not raised
Most likely to occur in extensive inflammation? a. Raised platelets count b. Raised basophils c. Total WBC more than 40000 d. Neutrophils not raised e. Eosinophil not raised Ans: A
1057
A young boy having mass in the neck biopsy of lymph node show effaced architecture atypical mononucleosis. Cells with bi-lobed nucleus and eosinophilia and CD15 and CD30 positive. Diagnosis? a. Non Hodgkin lymphoma b. Hodgkin lymphoma c. T cell leukaemia d. Infectious mononucleosis
A young boy having mass in the neck biopsy of lymph node show effaced architecture atypical mononucleosis. Cells with bi-lobed nucleus and eosinophilia and CD15 and CD30 positive. Diagnosis? a. Non Hodgkin lymphoma b. Hodgkin lymphoma c. T cell leukaemia d. Infectious mononucleosis Ans: B
1058
Pregnant lady delivered baby and within 24 hrs new-born got pyrexia and sepsis. What is the cause? a. Beta haemolytic streptococcus Lancefield group A b. Beta haemolytic streptococcus Lance field group B c. Beta haemolytic Lancefield group C d. Group D e. Group k
Pregnant lady delivered baby and within 24 hrs new-born got pyrexia and sepsis. What is the cause? a. Beta haemolytic streptococcus Lancefield group A b. Beta haemolytic streptococcus Lance field group B c. Beta haemolytic Lancefield group C d. Group D e. Group k Ans: B
1059
Frequency distributions shows? a. Showing values which is from data b. Showing values appearing in the data c. Showing mean.
Frequency distributions shows? a. Showing values which is from data b. Showing values appearing in the data c. Showing mean. Ans: A
1060
Exploratory laparotomy done. After 2weeks presents with complains that the wound has become hard, raised and irregular. Diagnosis? a. Incisional hernia b. Deformed and scarring
Exploratory laparotomy done. After 2weeks presents with complains that the wound has become hard, raised and irregular. Diagnosis? a. Incisional hernia b. Deformed and scarring Ans: B
1061
27 years’ girl jerk movement of upper arm. consciousness is intact. MRI brain is normal. drug of choice? a. Ethosuxamide b. Phenytoin c. Carbamazepine d. Phenobarbitone e. Propranolol
27 years’ girl jerk movement of upper arm. consciousness is intact. MRI brain is normal. drug of choice? a. Ethosuxamide b. Phenytoin c. Carbamazepine d. Phenobarbitone e. Propranolol Ans: E
1062
Chronic use of drug but abrupt withdrawal leads to hypertension? a. Chlorthiazide b. Enalapril c. Clonidine
Chronic use of drug but abrupt withdrawal leads to hypertension? a. Chlorthiazide b. Enalapril c. Clonidine Ans: C
1063
Cysticercosis caused due to?
Cysticercosis caused due to? Ans: Ova of Tenia Solium
1064
3rd year MBBS student first time observing surgery faints. Her BP is 90/60 due to? a. Inc cardiac output b. Dec cardiac output c. Inc peripheral resistance d. Decrease PVR
3rd year MBBS student first time observing surgery faints. Her BP is 90/60 due to? a. Inc cardiac output b. Dec cardiac output c. Inc peripheral resistance d. Decrease PVR Ans: D
1065
Patient has pneumonia, now he has chest pain radiating to back and rustle sound on left side of chest even when breathing is held. Which is affected? a. Pleura b. Pericardium c. Lateral mediastinum d. Posterior mediastinum
Patient has pneumonia, now he has chest pain radiating to back and rustle sound on left side of chest even when breathing is held. Which is affected? a. Pleura b. Pericardium c. Lateral mediastinum d. Posterior mediastinum Ans: B
1066
Food stuck in esophagus during primary peristalsis?
Food stuck in esophagus during primary peristalsis? Ans: Food bolus will be pulled down by 2ndary peristalsis via myenteric plexuses
1067
Fibrin mesh stabilized by? a. Platelet plug b. Factor X | c. Factor 13 d. Factor 12
Fibrin mesh stabilized by? a. Platelet plug b. Factor X | c. Factor 13 d. Factor 12 Ans: C
1068
Dicumarol effect? a. Inc bleeding time b. Dec bleeding time
Dicumarol effect? a. Inc bleeding time b. Dec bleeding time Ans: A
1069
Exocoelomic is derived from? a. Endoderm b. Epiblast c. Hypoblast
Exocoelomic is derived from? a. Endoderm b. Epiblast c. Hypoblast Ans: C
1070
Sertoli cells causing inhibition of FSH via? a. Inhibin b. Testosterone
Largest cross sectional area in? a. Veins b. Capillaries c. Arteries d. Venules Ans: B
1071
Largest cross sectional area in? a. Veins b. Capillaries c. Arteries d. Venules
Largest cross sectional area in? a. Veins b. Capillaries c. Arteries d. Venules Ans: B
1072
Organelle where protein combines with carbohydrates, packed and released is? a. Golgi complex b. RER c. SER
Organelle where protein combines with carbohydrates, packed and released is? a. Golgi complex b. RER c. SER Ans: A
1073
Aspiration of something by lady. presenting wth bla bla s/s.. it can be prevented by? a. backward movement of tongue b. Larynx upward movement c. Closure of true vocal cords d. Closure of false vocal cords
Aspiration of something by lady. presenting wth bla bla s/s.. it can be prevented by? a. backward movement of tongue b. Larynx upward movement c. Closure of true vocal cords d. Closure of false vocal cords Ans: C
1074
A female presented with growth in vulvar region it can be due to? a. Hypertrophy b. Atrophy c. Hypertrophy d. Dysplasia
A female presented with growth in vulvar region it can be due to? a. Hypertrophy b. Atrophy c. Hypertrophy d. Dysplasia Ans: D
1075
Ig E bound to? a. Basophils b. Eosinophils c. Mast cells d. Lymphocytes e. Basophils and mast cells
Ig E bound to? a. Basophils b. Eosinophils c. Mast cells d. Lymphocytes e. Basophils and mast cells Ans: E
1076
Which of the following does not have basement membrane? a. Mesothelium b. Respiratory epithelium c. Transitional epithelium d. Osteoclast
Which of the following does not have basement membrane? a. Mesothelium b. Respiratory epithelium c. Transitional epithelium d. Osteoclast Ans: C
1077
Clara cells? a. Respiratory bronchioles b. Tertiary bronchioles c. Secondary bronchioles d. Primary bronchioles e. Terminal bronchioles
Clara cells? a. Respiratory bronchioles b. Tertiary bronchioles c. Secondary bronchioles d. Primary bronchioles e. Terminal bronchioles Ans: E
1078
Minimum caloric requirement for an adult man in bed without fever or unusual loss is a. 15-20 cal/kg b. 25-30 cal/kg c. 35-50 cal/kg d. 50-60 cal/kg e. 70-75 cal/kg
Minimum caloric requirement for an adult man in bed without fever or unusual loss is a. 15-20 cal/kg b. 25-30 cal/kg c. 35-50 cal/kg d. 50-60 cal/kg e. 70-75 cal/kg Ans: B
1079
Cardiac muscle 60% primary calories source? a. Fats b. Ketones c. Proteins
Cardiac muscle 60% primary calories source? a. Fats b. Ketones c. Proteins Ans: A
1080
A 40-year-old female presented with Dysphagia especially to liquids barium enema and gastroscopy are negative of any finding. Which of the following is most likely the cause of dysphagia in this case? a. Neuromuscular disruption b. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia c. Vagus nerve lesion
A 40-year-old female presented with Dysphagia especially to liquids barium enema and gastroscopy are negative of any finding. Which of the following is most likely the cause of dysphagia in this case? a. Neuromuscular disruption b. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia c. Vagus nerve lesion Ans: A
1081
Remnant of notochord in adult life? a. Spinal cord b. Spinal nerves c. Nucleus pulposus d. Meninges
Remnant of notochord in adult life? a. Spinal cord b. Spinal nerves c. Nucleus pulposus d. Meninges Ans: C
1082
Which of the following increases the Tone of lower oesophageal sphincter? a. By using anticholinergic drugs b. Food rich in fats c. High level of gastrin in the blood
Which of the following increases the Tone of lower oesophageal sphincter? a. By using anticholinergic drugs b. Food rich in fats c. High level of gastrin in the blood Ans: C
1083
9 months’ child presented with fever & cough. He was negative for Respiratory syncytial virus. Other common Cause could be? a. H. Influenza b. Strep pneumonia. c. Asthma
9 months’ child presented with fever & cough. He was negative for Respiratory syncytial virus. Other common Cause could be? a. H. Influenza b. Strep pneumonia. c. Asthma Ans: B
1084
Important route of Hep B transmission? a. Sexual contact b. Direct contact c. Mosquito bite
Tumor associated with gene amplification a. Pheochromocytoma b. Neuroblastoma c. Retinoblastoma d. Medulloblastoma Ans: B
1085
Tumor associated with gene amplification a. Pheochromocytoma b. Neuroblastoma c. Retinoblastoma d. Medulloblastoma
Tumor associated with gene amplification a. Pheochromocytoma b. Neuroblastoma c. Retinoblastoma d. Medulloblastoma Ans: B
1086
Bleeding scenario. Deficiency of? a. Albumin b. Alpha globulin c. Beta globulin d. Gama globulin
Bleeding scenario. Deficiency of? a. Albumin b. Alpha globulin c. Beta globulin d. Gama globulin Ans: A
1087
76. Macula densa?
76. Macula densa? Ans: Renin secretion
1088
Most effective stimulant for Aldosterone secretion? a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypokalemia
Most effective stimulant for Aldosterone secretion? a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypokalemia Ans: A
1089
During ventricular action potential, max CA influx occurs during? a. R wave b. P wave c. QT interval d. ST segment
During ventricular action potential, max CA influx occurs during? a. R wave b. P wave c. QT interval d. ST segment Ans: D
1090
For TMJ stability what is required?
For TMJ stability what is required? Ans: Capsule
1091
Methemoglobinemia, co poisoning?
Methemoglobinemia, co poisoning? Ans: Hypoxic hypoxia
1092
Extreme left shift of O2 dissociation curve occurs in? a. Increase pH b. Increase temp c. Inc 2,3 BPG d. Co poisoning e. Inc fetal Hb
Extreme left shift of O2 dissociation curve occurs in? a. Increase pH b. Increase temp c. Inc 2,3 BPG d. Co poisoning e. Inc fetal Hb Ans: D
1093
In corticospinal tract which movements are affected? a. Jumping b. Climbing c. Holding pencil d. Walking e. Writing
In corticospinal tract which movements are affected? a. Jumping b. Climbing c. Holding pencil d. Walking e. Writing Ans: E
1094
Blood loss of healthy man after how much day’s plasma protein is form? a. 7-8 days b. 2-3 days
Blood loss of healthy man after how much day’s plasma protein is form? a. 7-8 days b. 2-3 days Ans: B
1095
Type A fibres supply 120 and type B 60 and combinations supplied 120. What is the effect? a. Occlusion b. Temporal summation
Type A fibres supply 120 and type B 60 and combinations supplied 120. What is the effect? a. Occlusion b. Temporal summation Ans: A
1096
Left cardiac vein continues as?
Left cardiac vein continues as? Ans: Coronary sinus
1097
Active androgen? a. DHEA b. DHT
Active androgen? a. DHEA b. DHT Ans: B
1098
Scenario of blast cells > 30%? a. t(8:12) dislocation b. t(15:17) dislocation
Scenario of blast cells > 30%? a. t(8:12) dislocation b. t(15:17) dislocation Ans: B
1099
Right supracardinal vein give rise to? a. Azygous vein b. Hemi-azygous c. Coronary sinus
Right supracardinal vein give rise to? a. Azygous vein b. Hemi-azygous c. Coronary sinus Ans: A
1100
In Parkinson disease, mismatch occurs between? a. Dopamine and GABA b. Dopamine and acetylcholine
In Parkinson disease, mismatch occurs between? a. Dopamine and GABA b. Dopamine and acetylcholine Ans: B
1101
Difference between Epinephrine and norepinephrine? a. Decrease skeletal muscle blood supply b. Decrease cutaneous blood supply c. Decrease splanchnic blood supply d. Increase heart rate
Prosopagnosia is due to? Ans: Damage to temporal and parietal lobes
1102
Prosopagnosia is due to?
Prosopagnosia is due to? Ans: Damage to temporal and parietal lobes
1103
During normal conditions aortic pressure is highest in? a. Isovolumic relaxation b. Isovolumetric contraction c. End stage of rapid ventricular ejection d. Atrial filling
During normal conditions aortic pressure is highest in? a. Isovolumic relaxation b. Isovolumetric contraction c. End stage of rapid ventricular ejection d. Atrial filling Ans: C
1104
Which cells are found less than 1% in blood? a. Basophils b. Eosinophils c. Lymphocyte d. Neutrophils
Which cells are found less than 1% in blood? a. Basophils b. Eosinophils c. Lymphocyte d. Neutrophils Ans: A
1105
Anterior surface of heart is supplied by? a. RCA b. LCA c. CX d. LAD
Ans D
1106
Blood supply of posterior 1/3 of heart is? a. LAD b. CX c. RCA d. LCA
Blood supply of posterior 1/3 of heart is? a. LAD b. CX c. RCA d. LCA Ans: C
1107
Physiological importance of AV nodal delay is? a. To give time for ventricular filling b. For ventricles to contract
Physiological importance of AV nodal delay is? a. To give time for ventricular filling b. For ventricles to contract Ans: A
1108
Graft-versus-host disease has occurred with the transplantation of which of the following? a. Kidney b. Lung c. Heart d. Bone marrow e. Pancreas
Graft-versus-host disease has occurred with the transplantation of which of the following? a. Kidney b. Lung c. Heart d. Bone marrow e. Pancreas Ans: D
1109
Lady presented with Recurrent rhinitis, urticaria and runny nose. This is due to? a. Ig A b. Ig B c. Ig C d. Ig D e. Ig E and type 1
Lady presented with Recurrent rhinitis, urticaria and runny nose. This is due to? a. Ig A b. Ig B c. Ig C d. Ig D e. Ig E and type 1 Ans: E
1110
After burn which major complication will most likely develop? a. Contracture b. Hyperkalemia
After burn which major complication will most likely develop? a. Contracture b. Hyperkalemia Ans: A
1111
Aortic notch aneurysm will compress which structure? a. Left bronchus b. Esophagus
Aortic notch aneurysm will compress which structure? a. Left bronchus b. Esophagus Ans: B
1112
ark staining cells? a. Basophils b. Eosinophil’s
ark staining cells? a. Basophils b. Eosinophil’s Ans: A
1113
What lies in the floor of Lateral ventricle? a. Thalamus b. Amygdala c. Hippocampus d. Hypothalamus
What lies in the floor of Lateral ventricle? a. Thalamus b. Amygdala c. Hippocampus d. Hypothalamus Ans: C
1114
Which of the following is present at the level of cervical vertebral 2? a. Middle cervical ganglion b. Inf cervical ganglion c. Stellate ganglion d. Vertebral ganglion e. Sup cervical ganglion
Which of the following is present at the level of cervical vertebral 2? a. Middle cervical ganglion b. Inf cervical ganglion c. Stellate ganglion d. Vertebral ganglion e. Sup cervical ganglion Ans: E
1115
Trauma to MMA. blood will accumulate in? a. Epidural space b. Subarachnoid space
Trauma to MMA. blood will accumulate in? a. Epidural space b. Subarachnoid space Ans: A
1116
Infection in between deep layer of cervical fascia and Pretracheal fascia. pus will go to? a. Anterior pericardium b. Posterior mediastinum c. Posterior mediastinum d. Pericardium
Infection in between deep layer of cervical fascia and Pretracheal fascia. pus will go to? a. Anterior pericardium b. Posterior mediastinum c. Posterior mediastinum d. Pericardium Ans: C
1117
Calcitonin is released from? a. Parathyroid b. Adrenal cortex c. Pituitary d. Thyroid gland
Calcitonin is released from? a. Parathyroid b. Adrenal cortex c. Pituitary d. Thyroid gland Ans: D
1118
Major primary foetal adrenal cortex hormone? a. DHEA b. Cortisol c. LH d. Aldosterone
Major primary foetal adrenal cortex hormone? a. DHEA b. Cortisol c. LH d. Aldosterone Ans: B
1119
ECG finding of hypoglycaemia? a. ST depression b. Tall T waves c. Short QT d. No P wave e. QT prolongation
ECG finding of hypoglycaemia? a. ST depression b. Tall T waves c. Short QT d. No P wave e. QT prolongation Ans: E
1120
Round ligament is derived from? a. Right umbilical vein b. Fossa ovalis c. Left Umbilical vein
Round ligament is derived from? a. Right umbilical vein b. Fossa ovalis c. Left Umbilical vein Ans: C
1121
Tunica albuginea gives rise to? a. Process vaginalis b. Umbilical cord c. Inguinal canal d. Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea gives rise to? a. Process vaginalis b. Umbilical cord c. Inguinal canal d. Tunica vaginalis Ans: D
1122
Muscle involved in Medial rotation of the shoulder? a. Teres minor b. Teres major c. Subscapularis
Interstitial buffer? a. HCO3 b. Protein c. HB-H d. PO4 Ans: A
1123
Interstitial buffer? a. HCO3 b. Protein c. HB-H d. PO4
Interstitial buffer? a. HCO3 b. Protein c. HB-H d. PO4 Ans: A
1124
Abnormal value of CSF? a. Na 150 b. CL 115 c. Hco3 26 d. Glucose 60mg e. Proteins 500mg
Abnormal value of CSF? a. Na 150 b. CL 115 c. Hco3 26 d. Glucose 60mg e. Proteins 500mg Ans: E
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