Important terms Flashcards by Sophia Junquera

Fibrous pericardium

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Serous parietal pericardium

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Serous visceral pericardium

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Pericardial cavity

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Myocardium

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endocardium

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Atria (right and left)

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Ventricles (right and left)

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Ticuspid valve

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Mitral (bicuspid) valve

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Pulmonary valve

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Chordae tendineae

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Papillary muscles

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Superior vena cava

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Inferior vena cava

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Pulmonary trunk

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Pulmonary veins

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Aorta

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Auscultation

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S2 _

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Tachycardia

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Bradycardia

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pulse point

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Systolic pressure

Diastolic pressure

Sounds of Korotkoff

Sinoatrial node

Atrio ventricular node

Purkinje fiber system

Electrocardiogram

P wave

QRS complex

T wave

Dysrhythmia

Erythrocyte

RBC

Leukocyte

WBC

Granulocyte

Have visible cytoplasmic granules

Neutrophil

attracted to site of cellular injury - granulocyte Acute bacterial infection and pus formation, is usually characterized by

Eosinophil

Immune response to parasitic works and allergic reactions -granulocyte

Basophil

Primarily involved in allergic reaction response Bilobed -granulocyte least numerous of leukocytes Stain dark purple

Agranulocyte

lack visible cytoplasmic granules

T Lymphocyte

B Lymphocyte

Monocyte

largest of the leukocytes exit the blood to form macrophages

Platelets

Antigen

Antiserum

Antibody

Universal donor

O-

Universal recipient _

hemolysis

Transfusion reaction that can lead to kidney failure. A recipients antibodies attack "foreign invader"

phagocytes

active in ingesting harmful foreign bacteria

thromobocytopenia

Number of platelets is decreased

polycythemia

Type of blood cancer that causes bone marrow to produce to many RBCS and this causes the blood to thicken and slow

leucocytosis

an increase in WBC especially during infection

anemia

lack enough healthy RBC to carry oxygen adequately

erythroblastosis fetalis

RBC of a fetus are destroyed due to immune response lack of blood compatibility

hemophilia

An inherited condition where the blood does not clot due to insufficient clotting factors

Pernicious anemia

A condition in which not enough red blood cells are produced due to deficiency of vitamin B12 in the body.

ischemic heart disease

Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. The reduced blood flow is usually the result of a partial or complete blockage of your heart's arteries (coronary arteries).

Angina

inadequate oxygenation of cardiac muscle

Vascular shunt

Channel that directly connects arteriole with venule (bypasses true capillaries)

Precapillary sphincter

Cuff of smooth muscle surrounding each true capillary that braces off metateriole; acts as valve regulating blood flow into capillary bed Not innervated

What are the three types of capillaries? Give a brief description of each

Continuous- abundant in skin, muscles, lungs and CNS Fenestrated capillary- found in areas of active filtration (kidneys) absorption (intestines) Contain fenestration

Arterioles

Smallest of all arteries Control blood flow into capillary beds via vasodilation

Muscular arteries

Thickets tunic media with more smooth muscle less elastic Also called distributing arteries

Elastic arteries

Thick walled with low resistance lumen Elastic found in all 3 tunics but mostly tunica media Act as pressure reservoirs

Name the three groups of arteries ?

Elastic arteries Muscular arteries Arterioles

Vasa vasorum

System of tiny blood vessels found in larger vessels Function is to nourish outer most layer

Structure of blood vessel walls

Tunica intima •endothelium • simple squamous epithelium Tunica media •smooth muscle and sheets of elastin •sympathetic vasomotor nerves innervate this layer Tunica externa Loose collagen fibers

Structure of blood vessel walls

Pulse pressure

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Diastolic pressure

Lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest

Systolic pressure

Pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction

Mean arterial pressure MAP

Pressure that propels blood to tissues

What are the three main factors regulating blood pressure?

Cardiac output Peripheral resistance Blood volume

Hypovolemic shock

Results from large scale blood loss

Vascular shock

Results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance

Cardiogenic shock

Results when an inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation

Hypertension

Sustained elevated arterial pressure 140/90

Hematocrit

Percent of blood volume that is RBC's

Important terms Flashcards

(82 cards)