Important things to know

Question 1

Halogenated ansthetics

Answer 1

1. Halothane
2. Enflurane
3. Isoflurane
4. Sevoflurane
5. Desflurane
   ***These are liquids at room temperature, they need to be nebulized

Question 2

Non-Haloganeted

Answer 2

1. Xenon
2. Nitrous Gas
   ** These gases at room temperature

Question 3

Volatile Narcotics

Answer 3

1. These are liquids at room temperature?
2. They are converted into gaseous form by a vaporizer

Question 4

Ester Regional Ansthetics

Answer 4

• Surface action: Benzocaine
• Short Action: Procaine
• Long Action: Tetracaine

Question 5

Amide Regional Anasthetics

Answer 5

• Medium Action:Lidocaine
• Long Action: Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine

Question 6

Local Anesthetics Systemic Complications

Answer 6

• Numbness of mouth and tongue
• Light-Headedness
• Tinnitus
• Syncope
• Convulsions
• Myocardial depression and Peripheral Vasodilation

Question 7

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 7

• Normal Anion Gap
  
  • Inorganic acid addition
  • GI baseloss
    
    • Diarrhea, SI fistula
  • Renal Tubular Acidosis
    
    • Urinary Loss of bicarbonate
• Increased Anion Gap
  
  • Endogenous acid Load
    
    • DKA
    • Starvation ketosis
    • Lactic acidosis
    • Renal failure -> Build-up of organic acids
  • Exogenous Acid Load
    
    • Aspirin & Methanol Poisoning

Question 8

Acid Base Disturbances

Answer 8

Question 9

What Increases End-Tidal CO2

Answer 9

• Increased Muscular Activity
• Malignant hyperthermia
• Increased CO
• Bicarbonate Infusion
• Decreased Ventilation

Question 10

What Decrases End-Tidal CO2

Answer 10

• Decreased Muscle Activity
• Hypothermia
• Loss of BIcarbonate
• Increased minute Ventilation
• Decreased Cardiac Output

Question 11

Most common Ventilator Modes in ICU

Answer 11

• Assit-Control
• Synchronized intermittent mandatory
• Pressure control ventilation
• Pressure support ventilation
• Controlled mandatory Ventilation

Question 12

Oxygen Therapy Hazards

Answer 12

• Oxygen toxicity
• Oxygen-induced hypoventilation
• Retinopathy of prematurity
• Absorption atelectasis

Question 13

Causes of Hypoxia

Answer 13

• Low concentration of O2 in the inspired air
• Alveolar Hypoventilation
• Diffusion Disturbance
• Pulmonary shunts

Question 14

Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 14

• IV fluid, colloid crystalloid
• Blood Transfusion
• Humin Abumin
• Vasopressor
• Saline -> Hypertonic

Question 15

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 15

• inotropic agents: Dobutamine, Dopamine
• Vasodilators: NItrates, ace inhibitors
• Calcium Sensitizer: Pimobenden
• IV sedatives and anelgesics: BZDs and opioids
• Thrombolysis, PTCA, Cardiac surgery

Question 16

Obstructive shock

Answer 16

IF;

• Tension PTX : Emergency needle aspiration
• Pulmonary EMbolism: Thrmbolysis
• Tamponade: Pericardiocentesis

Question 17

Rapid Acting IV Anasthetics

Answer 17

• Barbiturates
• Etomidate
• Propofol

Question 18

Slower Acting V anasthetics

Answer 18

• Ketamine
• BZDs
• Fentanyl
• Opiods+Neuroleptics