In class assignment prep study

Question 1

complex propositions

Answer 1

uses logical words that makes the claim more special

Question 2

what is a complex proposition made of

Answer 2

it is composed of multiple propositions but contains a relationship between the different propositions

Question 3

Proposition

Answer 3

an expression making an assertion that something is the case or that something isnt a case

Question 4

What are not considered propositions

Answer 4

-questions
- commands/imperatives
- exclamations
- greetings

Question 5

what must all reasons contain

Answer 5

at least two propositions
- one proposition must express a reason or evidence
- the other must show/porve/demonstrate/give ground for what the speaker is arguing

Question 6

What are the two different types of propositions

Answer 6

-premise
-conclusion

Question 7

premise

Answer 7

a proposition(s) that is the reason or evidence for the conclusion

Question 8

conclusion

Answer 8

the propostion that ties the premises together to prove what the overall goal the speaker is trying to prove is

Question 9

how do you determine which proposition is a premise

Answer 9

use indicator words such as:
- since
- given that
- for/ for that reason
- because
-as/as a result of

Question 10

how do you determine which proposition is the conclusion

Answer 10

use indicator words such as:
- So
-therefore
- thus
-as a result
- hence
- that’s why
- for this reason
- consquently
- this implies
- here’s why

Question 11

How do you tell if the justification or the argument is good or properly convincing

Answer 11

• the premises must be true
• the reasonings should connect and the conclusion must be connected to the relationship between these premise connections
• (two questions that should be asked in this case is are the premises true? Would the conclusion follow if the premises are true?)

Question 12

How do you check the truth of each premises

Answer 12

• relies on others to varify to validity of the statements (speacialists, etc.)
• can use your own back ground information and experiences
• can also use the socratic method to challenge individual claims

Question 13

What is deductive justification

Answer 13

a form of argument structure that seeks to demonstrate a conclusion with garenteed certainty (the reasoning is intended tp guarantee the truth of the conclusion where the premise are true)

Question 14

what are the two types of deductive justification

Answer 14

• valid: where the conclusion would have to be true if the premise were true
• invalid: where the conclusion would not have to be true if the premises were true

Question 15

How do you determine if the conclusion is deductive

Answer 15

if words such as:
- it must be that
- it follows without a doubt
- necessarily
- certainly
- it can be deduced that
- definitely

Question 16

inductive reasoning

Answer 16

a form or structure that seeks to make a conclusion more probable than not, but oes not provide conclusive support for the conclusion