Science 9 > Includes Three Main Processes > Flashcards

Includes Three Main Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

True or false ; the chemical reaction that generates ATP is not straightforward.

A

False; ATP is straightforwardly generated.

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2
Q

What happens next when an enzyme tacks a phosphate group into ATP?

A

It then yields ATP.

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3
Q

What does the ATP synthesis require?

A

ATP synthesis requires an input of ENERGY.

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4
Q

True or false; The metabolic pathways of respiration harvest potential energy and use it to make ATP.

A

True; The Metabolic pathways of respiration use that energy to make ATP

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5
Q

What does the metabolic pathways harvest in order to make ATP?

A

It harvests POTENTIAL ENERGY.

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6
Q

True or false; like photosynthesis, respiration is not an oxidation.

A

False; respiration is an oxidation.

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7
Q

What type of reaction is the oxidation in respiration?

A

A reduction reaction.

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8
Q

True or false; The pathways of anaerobic respiration oxidizes glucose and reduces 02.

A

false; AEROBIC respiration oxidizes glucose

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9
Q

True or false; respiration is an oxidation–reduction reaction.

A

True.

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10
Q

What does the pathways of aerobic respiration oxidize and reduce?

A

The aerobic respiration oxidizes glucose and reduces O2.

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11
Q

True or false; Because of oxygen’s strong attraction for electrons, it releases oxygen.

A

True

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12
Q

What happens to the cell in the bonds of ATP?

A

The cell becomes TRAPPED in the bonds of ATP.

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13
Q

What molecule requires an input of energy that need to synthesize?

A

ATP

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14
Q

Where does the energy used to make ATP even come from?

A

In food molecules.

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15
Q

True or false; Potential energyis stored in food molecules.

A

True.

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16
Q

What do metabolic pathways of respiration do with food energy?

A

They use it to harvest and make it into ATP

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17
Q

what form does the cell store the released energy at?

A

They store it in the bonds of ATP.

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18
Q

Respiration is a what type of reaction?

A

It is an oxidation reduction .

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19
Q

What molecule is oxidized during respiration?

A

Glucose

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20
Q

What does oxidation mean

A

The removal of electrons

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21
Q

Why is oxygen important in respiration?

A

Because it has strong attraction for electrons

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22
Q

True or false; The cell can be destroyed if all steps happened at once.

A

True

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23
Q

What would happen to the cell if all the step happened at once?

A

It can explode due to the heat

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24
Q

How energy then released safely?

A

By doing it in small steps

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25
What law explains why some energy is lost as heat?
The second law of thermodynamics
26
True or false; all the released energy are lost as heat.
False; not all of the energy will be lost as heat.
27
What then happens to the some of the released energy?
Some of it is stored in ATP
28
What are the three main stages of respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
29
True or false; Glycolysis is the second process.
False; Glycolysis goes first. It is the first process.
30
What stage comes on last?
Electron transport chain is the last stage.
31
What does the word glycolysis mean?
"Breaking sugar"
32
How many carbons are in glucose?
Six
33
What does glucose split into during glycolysis?
Into two pyruvate molecules.
34
What happens to much of the released energy?
Some of it is stored into ATP
35
How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis
Two
36
What electron carrier is produced in glycolysis
NADH
37
True or false; NADH doesn't carry high energy electrons
False.
38
What molecule enters the Krebs cycle?
A pyruvate enters
39
What then happens to the pyruvate in the Krebs cycle
It then gets oxidized
40
What gas is released during the Krebs cycle
Carbon dioxide
41
False or true; ATP molecules are made in the Krebs cycle
True; only a few of them are
42
What electron carriers are produced in the Krebs cycle?
NADH AND FADH2
43
What do enzymes do in the Krebs cycle?
They arrange atoms and create bonds.
44
Where is most of glucose’s energy located after the Krebs cycle?
In the NADH and FADH2
45
What is the main job of NADH and FADH2?
They deliver electrons for ATP production
46
What does the electron transport chain transfer?
Energy rich electrons
47
True or false; A hydrogen ion gradientis created as electrons move through the ETC
True
48
What is hydrogen ion?
It a proton
49
How are hydrogen ions even formed?
When the hydrogen loses its ions
50
What stores energy in the proton gradient?
Potential energy
51
What enzyme makes ATP use this gradient?
The ATP synthase
52
What does ATP synthase form in the membrane?
A channel
53
What molecule is formed from ADP and phosphate?
ATP is formed
54
What happens to electrons at the end of the ETC?
They are then transferred to oxygen.
55
What waste product is formed when oxygen gains electrons?
Water
56
True or false; all ATP-making pathways count as respiration?
False; not all of it is counted as one.
57
Why is fermentation not respiration?
Because It does not use an electron transport chain
58
True or false; Fermentation makes atp by glycolysis only.
True
59
What is the main function of cellular respiration?
They make ATP
60
What molecule starts respiration?
Glucose
61
Where is most ATP made?
At the ETC
62
What step makes the least ATP?
The Krebs cycle and glycolysis
63
Which step uses oxygen directly
The ETC
64
Why is respiration efficient?
Energy is released gradually
65
What happens to energy not captured as ATP?
It is lost as heat
66
What powers ATP synthase?
Proton gradient
67
What is the final electron acceptor in respiration?
Oxygen
68
Why is oxygen essential for aerobic respiration?
It is accepted as electrons
69
What happens to glucose’s electrons?
They move towards oxygen
70
Why is oxygen essential for aerobic respiration
Because it accepts oxygen
71
What would stop if oxygen were absent? 
The electron transport chain
72
What molecule ends respiration as a waste product?
Water
73
How is energy released from glucose safely in cells?
small steps through lots chemical reactions.
74
What law of thermodynamics explains energy loss as heat?
The second law of thermodynamics.
75
What molecule stores much of the released energy from respiration?
ATP
76
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
77
What does the word “glycolysis” mean?
It means; " Breaking sugar."
78
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
79
True or false; the molecule does glycolysis starts with is GLUCOSE.
true
80
How many carbons are in glucose?
Six carbons
81
What does glucose split into during glycolysis?
Two pyruvate molecules
82
How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?
TWO ATP's
83
What electron carrier is produced during glycolysis?
NADH
84
What happens to electrons removed from glucose in glycolysis?
They are to be transferred to NADH.
85
How many carbons are in each pyruvate molecule?
Three carbons
85
What gas is released during the Krebs cycle?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
86
87
What happens to the carbon atoms from glucose by the end of the Krebs cycle?
They are to be released as CO2
88
True or false; the Krebs cycle produces ATP
true. But by only a small amount of ATP
89
What are the two electron carriers produced in the Krebs cycle?
NADH and FAHD2
90
Where is most of glucose’s energy after the Krebs cycle?
Most are stored away in NADH and FADH2
91
How is energy released from glucose safely in cells?
In small steps through many chemical reactions.
92
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 after the Krebs cycle?
Their roles are to deliver electrons to the ETC
93
What moves through the electron transport chain?
High-energy electrons
94
What is created as electrons move through the ETC?
A hydrogen ion gradient
95
What is a hydrogen ion?
It is a proton
96
Why is the proton gradient important?
It stores potential energy used to make ATP.
97
What enzyme makes ATP during electron transport?
The ATP synthaze
98
What molecule is phosphate added to make ATP?
ADP
99
What happens to electrons at the end of the ETC?
They are transferred to oxygen.
100
What waste product forms when oxygen accepts electrons?
Water or H20
101
Which stage produces the most ATP?
The ETC or Electron transport chain.
102
Why is oxygen essential for aerobic respiration?
It accepts electrons at the end of the ETC.
103
What would happen without oxygen in the ETC?
It accepts electrons at the end of the ETC.
104
Is glycolysis considered aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic, because anaerobic respiration doesn't use oxygen to function.
105
What do all forms of respiration require?
An electron transport chain.
106
How does fermentation make ATP?
Only by through GLYCOLYSIS
107
Which stage breaks glucose into pyruvate?
Glycolysis
108
Which stage releases CO₂?
The KREBS CYCLE
109
Which stage uses a proton gradient?
ETC or electron transport chain
110
What happens to glucose’s energy step by step?
is transferred to ATP, NADH, and FADH₂.
111
Which molecule starts cellular respiration?
GLUCOSE
112
Which molecule ends aerobic respiration as a final electron acceptor?
OXYGEN
113
What is the main goal of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP for the cell.
114
What happens to energy lost during respiration?
It is just released as HEAT
115
Why is fermentation not respiration?
It does not use an electron transport chain.
116
Where is the electron transport chain located?
In the membrane of the mitochondrion.
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