Inductive Arguments

Question 1

Statistical Syllogism

Answer 1

____% of W are F (F=attributive/character/property)
J is a W
So, J is F

51% to 99% makes it strong, if it makes sense.

Question 2

Arguments from Authority

Answer 2

Testing…
1. Is the authority one that is relevant for the subject?
2. Do I have additional information?

Question 3

Argument from Analogy

Answer 3

A is similar to B
B has property P.
So, A has property B.

Testing…
1. Are similarities relevant to issue?
2. Are there relevant dissimilarities?
3. Are there other things similar to B in the relevant respects that lack property P?

Question 4

Induction by Enumeration

Answer 4

____% of a SAMPLE of A are B.
So, approximately ___% of A are B.

Testing…
1. Is the sample random or biased?
2. Is the sample big enough to be representative?
3. Was the sample misled by the question(s) asked?

Question 5

Recognizing Inductive Arguments in general

Answer 5

(strong/weak) - spectrum
and
(cogent/uncogent) - factually correct/strong
= does not guarantee truth of conclusion
Depends on FORM.