Patient Care > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the cycle of infection?

A

All factors involved in the spread of a disease

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2
Q

What is the incubation phase?

A

Pathogens enter but there is no apparent illness

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3
Q

What is the prodromal stage?

A

Early signs and symptoms of disease are present

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4
Q

What is the active/full phase?

A

Complete symptoms are manigested in the patient

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5
Q

What is the convalenscence phase?

A

Period of recovery

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6
Q

What is an infectious organism called?

A

Pathogen

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7
Q

What is a reservoir of infection?

A

Place where organisms thrive

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8
Q

What is the portal of exit?

A

Any avenue available to exit the body

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9
Q

What is a susceptible host?

A

Person at risk for infection

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10
Q

What is teh protal of entry?

A

Any avenue available to enter a body?

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11
Q

What is the mode of transportation?

A

Route taken by pathogens from reservoir to susceptible host

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12
Q

What is direct contact transmission?

A

Direct contact with the infected person or animal with a disease (touching, contact with blood or fluid)

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13
Q

What is indirect transmission?

A

Touching objects that have become contaminated (contaminated dressing)

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14
Q

What is a droplet?

A

An inectious secretion (coughing, sneezing or talking)

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15
Q

What is a vehicle?

A

Transport of infection (food or water contaminated with microorganisms)

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16
Q

What is airborne?

A

Diseased microorganisms suspended in the air

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17
Q

What are vectors?

A

Insects or animals that carry diseases (ticks and lyme disease)

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18
Q

What is a fomite?

A

An object that has been in contact with pathogens comes in contact with susceptible tissue

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19
Q

What is aspepsis?

A

Freedom from infectious materials

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20
Q

What is medical aspesis?

A

As far as possible the microorganisms have been eliminated

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21
Q

What is the most important component of medical asepsis?

A

Hand washing

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22
Q

What are forms of proper hand hygiene?

A
  • Alcohol based sanitizers
  • Conventional handwashing
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23
Q

What is the duration of conventional hand washing?

A

30-60 seconds

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24
Q

What are the steps of conventional handwashing?

A
  • Adjust water temp
  • Wet hands
  • Lather antimicrobial soap for 20 seconds
  • Rinse clear
  • Dry thoroughly
  • Turn off faucet with paper towels
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25
What is surgical asepsis?
Microorganisms that have been completely destroyed or removed by the means of heat or chemical processes
26
What is included in surgical aspesis?
Sterilzation of equiptment and skin prep
27
What should be used to sterilize equiptment?
Sodium Hypochlorite (Chlorine Bleach) and water at a ratio 1:10
28
What are methods of equitment sterilization?
Autoclaving Gas sterilization Chemical sterilization Dry heat Ionizing radiation Microwaves/non-ionizing radiation
29
What is autoclaving?
Steam sterilization under pressure, most convenient way to sterilize
30
What is gas sterilization?
Items are exposed to a mixture of gases, which do not harm the materials
31
What is Chemical sterilization?
soaking objects in a germicidal solution
32
What is dry heat?
Placing objects in an oven at temps greater than 329 degrees
33
When is medical aspepsis practiced?
All times
34
When is surgical asepsis practiced?
When conducting invasive procedures
35
What are the principles of sterile techniques?
- Never reach across sterile field - Discard objects whose sterility is questions - Area under the table is unsterile - Back of gown is not sterile - Keep gloves in front above waist - Wet surfaces are considered unsterile
36
How should people pass in sterile conditions?
Back to back
37
What should be done if contamination is suspected?
Report it immediately
38
What should be done when pouring a solution?
- Determine contents of container - Pour small amout out into trash to cleanse lip - Pour remaining amout into receptible
39
What steps should be followed when opening a sterile pack?
- Check expiration date - Place pack on clean surface - Break seal and open pack - Unfold first corner away from you - Unfold both sides - Pull front portion of wrap toward you - Never touch inner surface
40
How to put on gloves using aseptic techniques?
- Wash hands - Open outer package containing gloves - Open inner package contains gloves - Only touch inner surface of glove with opposite hand - Put on glove only touching folded cuff - Pick up other glove with covered hand under the cuff (outer surface) - Place second glove on hand and unfold cuff - Unfold cuff
41
What are airborne precautions?
1. Wash hands 2. Workers and visitors need to wear particulate respirators when entering room 3. Wash hands when leaving
42
What are droplet precautions?
1. Wash hands 2. Surgical masks requirered when entering room 3. Wash hands when leaving
43
What are contact precautions?
1. Wash hadns 2. Gloves and gowns are needed when entering a room 3. Wash hands when leaving
44
What isolations techniques should be used in mobile radiography?
- Clean tech/Dirty tech - Gloves at all times - Masks/gowns when needed - IR in protective plastic cover
45
What isolation techniques should be used in dept imaging?
- Cover table with sheet - Use clean tech/dirty tech when possible - Place contaminated materials in discard bags - Clean table and equiptment off after use - Wear gloves
46
What are standard precautions?
First tier of transmission based isolation precautions
47
What does standard precautions use?
Barriers to prevents contact with blood, body fluids, nonintact skin and musous membranes
48
What does standard precautions assume?
All fluids are the source of an infection and patients are infected
49
What are the CDC standard precautions for hand hygiene?
- Wash hands after touching any fluids or contaminated items whether or not gloves are worn - Wash hands after removing gloves - Wash hands between patients - Wash hands between procedures on same patient - Wash hands anytime microorganisms can be transferred to staff, patients or environment
50
When should disposable gloves be worn?
Whenever you may touch body or bodily fluids
51
When should protective gown be worn?
If there is a chance of contacting bodily fluids with clothing
52
When should eye protection be worn?
Whenever there is a chance of bodily fluids splattering
53
What is the CDC standard precaution for needles?
They should never be recapped after use and should be placed in a sharps container
54
How should gowns and gloves be removed?
In a manner that avoids contaminating your clothes and hands
55
What should be done with used items?
Should be disposed of in specially marked contaminated plastic bags and hands washed after removing gloves
56
What are CDC standards for handling chemicals?
Never mix - wear PPE
57
What are the types of transmisison based precautions?
Contact, droplet and airborne
58
What is isolation?
A specific type of medical asepsis that physically separates an infected person from a non-infected person
59
What is contact isolation?
Isolation based on the spreading of disease by close contact - Masks, gowns and gloves are indicated
60
What is strict/complete isolation?
use of gloves, masks and gowns when in contact with the patient
61
What is respiratory isolation?
Spread by droplet, masks are indicated
62
What is disease specific isolation?
Patients with the same disease are roomed together
63
What is protective or reverse isolation?
Same as strict isolation
64
What should be done with patient care equiptment after use?
Cleaned and decontaminated
65
What are neutropenic precautions?
Precautions for patients that have decreased white blood cell count
66
What is neutropenia caused by?
Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, bone marrow transplant
67
What precaution is used for neutropenia patients?
Reverse isolation
68
What is a nosocomial infections?
Infection acquired while receiving medical care in a hospital
69
What are common nosocomial infections?
UTI, repiratory infectsion and wound infections
70
Which is the most common nosocial infection?
UTI
71
How many people acquire nosocomial infections yearly?
2 millions
72
How many deaths occur from nosocomial infections?
90000 annually
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