Infection Control

Question 1

what are the 6 links of the chain of infection

Answer 1

susceptible host, agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry

Question 2

the microorganism that causes disease
ex. bacteria, viruses

Answer 2

agent

Question 3

substances that can carry and transmit an infectious agent
ex. food, water, blood

Answer 3

vehicles

Question 4

habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies
ex. water lines

Answer 4

reservior

Question 5

path by which a pathogen leaves it’s host

Answer 5

portal of exit

Question 6

the way the pathogen moves from one host to another

Answer 6

modes of transmission

Question 7

physical transfer, person-to-person, no contaminated object

Answer 7

direct contact

Question 8

contact with contaminated objects or surfaces

Answer 8

indirect contact

Question 9

large respiratory droplets, travel short distances

Answer 9

droplet transmission

Question 10

smaller particles, remain suspended in the air and are inhaled

Answer 10

airborne transmission

Question 11

spread through insects or animals

Answer 11

vector-borne transmission

Question 12

the entrance the pathogen uses to get inside the “new home” (host)

Answer 12

portal of entry

Question 13

the new “home” for the pathogen

Answer 13

susceptible host

Question 14

microorganisms spread through blood and other bodily fluids

Answer 14

blood-borne transmission

Question 15

what are the three most common bloodborne pathogens from which health care workers are at risk

Answer 15

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
hepatitis B (HBV)
hepatitis C (HCV)

Question 16

microorganisms are spread through contaminated food

Answer 16

food and water transmission

Question 17

microorganisms are spread from human or animal stool to the mouth

Answer 17

fecal-oral transmission

Question 18

set of infection control practices used with all patients, regardless of their known or suspected infection status

Answer 18

standard precautions

Question 19

focused only on blood and specific high-risk body fluids

Answer 19

universal precautions

Question 20

what are standard precautions sufficient to prevent in the dental setting?

Answer 20

HIV transmission

Question 21

what is the correct donning sequence of PPE?

Answer 21

gown, mask, eyewear, hand hygiene, gloves

Question 22

lives on the surface of the skin, easily removed by handwashing

Answer 22

transient flora

Question 23

attached deeper in the skin layers, more resistant to removal, less likely to cause infections

Answer 23

resident flora

Question 24

what immunizations are required for healthcare workers

Answer 24

hepatitis B
influenza
varicella (chicken pox)
MMR measles, mumps, rubella
polio
tetanus
covid
meningococcal

Question 25

do any vaccines exists for HIV or hep C?

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

what goes into biohazard waste?

Answer 26

sharps, saturated gauze of blood or soft tissue

Question 27

how long should water lines be flushed at the beginning of the day?

Answer 27

2 minutes

Question 28

the first step of any disinfection. it removes matter that interferes with disinfection

Answer 28

cleaning

Question 29

destruction of ALL microorganisms, including spores

Answer 29

sterilization

Question 30

destruction of pathogenic and other kinds of microorganisms by physical or chemical means. not specifically spore destruction

Answer 30

disinfection

Question 31

substance that slows or stops the growth of microorganisms

Answer 31

antiseptic

Question 32

absence of bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms

Answer 32

asepsis

Question 33

items that penetrate soft tissue, bone, or contact bloodstream ex. curettes, needles, burs heat sterilization required

Answer 33

critical items

Question 34

items that contact mucous membranes or non-intact skin, but do not penetrate ex. mouth mirrors, radio film holders, impression trays heat sterilization or high level disinfectant

Answer 34

semi-critical items

Question 35

items that contact skin only ex. blood pressure cuff, tube head disinfectant only

Answer 35

non-critical items

Question 36

what is the recommended time and temperature for instruments to reach sterilization in a steam autoclave?

Answer 36

121 C 20-30 mins

Question 37

what is the only method that proves microorganisms were destroyed

Answer 37

biological monitoring (spore test)

Question 38

color-changing indicators

Answer 38

chemical monitoring

Question 39

built-in gauges, digital displays

Answer 39

mechanical monitoring

Question 40

what bacteria is harmful?

Answer 40

pathogenic

Question 41

what are non-living organisms smaller than bacteria? require a living host

Answer 41

viruses

Question 42

examples of viruses

Answer 42

AIDS, hep b, c and d

Question 43

develops national infection prevention guidelines

Answer 43

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Question 44

studies occupational health risks in settings

Answer 44

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Question 45

enforces workplace safety laws for employees

Answer 45

OSHA Occupation of Safety and Health Administration

Question 46

regulates surface disinfectants and medical waste

Answer 46

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

Question 47

regulates dental/medical devices and chemical sterilants

Answer 47

FDA Food and Drug Administration

Question 48

offers infection control education and best practices

Answer 48

OSAP Organization for Safety, Asepsis, and Prevention