Infection Control

Question 1

HAI

Answer 1

(Healthcare Associated Infection); 5th leading cause of death in hospital

*Nosocomial

= infexn that develops in patient during
stay at healthcare facility or after discharge

–Increases:
Length of stay
HC expenditure
Costs - medicare will not reimburse

Question 2

Chain of Infection

Answer 2

1. Reservoir (host)
2. Method of exit
3. Method of transmission
4. Method of entry into new host
5. Susceptible host
6. Infexn in new host

Question 3

Populations at Risk for Infection

Answer 3

• HIV
• Stem-cell / organ transplant
• Cystic fibrosis

Question 4

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 4

Disease that causes thick, sticky mucus buildup in lungs and digestive tract

Question 5

Infection:

Modes of Transmission

Answer 5

Contact/Direct
Indirect
Droplet
Airborne

Question 6

Respiratory Hygiene

Answer 6

Cover nose and mouth
Dispose of tissues
Wash/rub hands
Wipe with sleeve/arm

Question 7

C. diff

Answer 7

(Clostridium difficile)

Spore-forming anaerobic bacillus that causes diarrhea

Question 8

MDROs

Answer 8

(Multidrug-Resistant Organisms)

Microorganisms resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents

• Pts more susceptible if:
  - Geriatric
  - Extended antibiotic use
  - Urinary catheter in place
• MRSA
• VRE

Question 9

MRSA

Answer 9

(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)

Staph bacteria resistant to beta-lactams

Question 10

VRE

Answer 10

(Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

Question 11

PPE

Answer 11

(Personal protective equipment)
= barriers used to protect body from infectious
agents

Question 12

Standard Precautions

Answer 12

Infection control designed to protect pts and clinicians in hospital

• Barriers
• Hand hygiene
• Sharps
• Eating/drinking restrictions

Question 13

Transmission-Based Precautions

Answer 13

Infection control designed to protect person/object from contamination by transmissable pathogens

• Contact (Direct/Indirect)
• Droplet
• Airborne
• Common vehicle (food/water/meds)
• Vector-borne

Question 14

OSHA

Answer 14

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 15

Nosocomial

Answer 15

Pertaining only to infections originating in the hospital

Question 16

Sepsis

Answer 16

Toxins or pathogens in blood / tissues