Infection Control

Question 1

What is infection control?

Answer 1

Infection control involves the prevention or minimization of cross infections

• Aseptic technique involves using procedures and equipment to minimize the transfer of microorganisms
• Aseptic technique underpins infection control measures
• Infections can be spread by direct contact, aerosol, or instrument/equipment

Question 2

Recall routes for infection transmission

Answer 2

Question 3

Recall the mechanism of droplet transmission.

Answer 3

Question 4

Recall the basic reproduction number of infection.

Answer 4

Question 5

Recall examples of infection control measures.

Answer 5

• Contain infection to patients
• Protect susceptible individuals
• Reduce contact between infected and susceptible individuals
• Reduce number of susceptible individuals
• Reduce days of infectivity in the population

Question 6

Recall the epidemiology of COVID-19.

Answer 6

Question 7

Recall the features of COVID-19 symptoms.

Answer 7

Question 8

Recall the impact of underlying conditions of coronavirus deaths in China.

Answer 8

Question 9

Recall the comparison of fatality and infection rate of COVID-19 with other viruses.

Answer 9

Question 10

Describe the biology of SARS-CoV-2 Biology.

Answer 10

Coronaviruses, including COVID-19, are enveloped viruses

• A virus that has an outer wrapping or envelope. This envelope comes from the infected cell, or host, in a process called “budding off.” During the budding process, newly formed virus particles become “enveloped” or wrapped in an outer coat that is made from a small piece of the cell’s plasma membrane.
• Envelope contains proteins required for attachment and entry
  
  • Lipid envelope => Susceptible to detergents and alcohols

Question 11

Recall the transmission method of SARS-CoV-2.

Answer 11

Question 12

How long does SARS-CoV-2 last on surfaces?

Answer 12

Highly dependent on:

• Temperature
• Moisture/humidity
• pH
• Type of surface(porous vs. non-porous)
• Initial amount of virus
• Density-dependent inactivation
• Amount of virus remaining to potentially transmit

Up to 72 hours on plastic and stainless steel, less than 4 hours on copper and less than 24 hours on cardboard

Question 13

Recall droplet and contact transmission precautions for COVID-19

Answer 13

Question 14

Recall the concept of reducing infection transmission.

Answer 14

Question 15

Recall precautions for COVID-19.

Answer 15