Pathology-Medical-Prof > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Inflammation definiton ?

A

response of vascularized tissues that delivers leukocytes and molecules of host defence from the circulation to the sites of infection and cell damage in order to eliminate the offending agents

page-73

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2
Q

can inflammation occure in avascular tissue ??

A

cornea
=keratitis

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3
Q

Bad effect of inflammation ?

A
  1. hypersensitivity
  2. allergy
  3. autoimmune disease
  4. rheumatoid arthritis
  5. atherosclerosis

74

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4
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation ?

A
  1. rubor=Redness
  2. tumor=swelling
  3. calor =heat
  4. dolor =pain
  5. functio laesa /loss of function

76

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of cardinal features ?

A
  1. Rubor=Vasodilation=Histamine & NO=Redness=Hyperamia
    2.Tumor=Swelling=Exudation =Edema=Extravascular accumulation of fluid=inc granulation tissue
    3.Calor=Heat=Inc blood flow
    4.Dolor=Pain=sweeling & edema=compress nerve ending
    5.Function laesa =pain & tissue destruction =fibroplasia & metaplasia

76

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6
Q

Inflammation classification ?

A

1.Acute inflammation
=serous i
=fibrinous i
=purulent i
=ulcer

2.Chronic inflmmation
=chronic specific
=chronic non-specific

76

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7
Q

Acute inflammation definiton ?

A

the initial rapid response to infection & tissue damage is AI

77

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8
Q

Causes of Acute inflammation ?

A
  1. Infection
  2. Immune response
  3. Ischemia
  4. Trauma
  5. tissue necrosis
  6. foreign bodies

77

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9
Q

Componenets of Acute inflammation ?

A
  1. Dilatation of blood vessels
  2. inc blood flow
  3. inc permeability of microvasculature
  4. plasma protein and leukocyte leave the circulation
  5. Emigration of leukocyte from the microcirculation
  6. Leukocytes accumulate in the focus of injury

77

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10
Q

Cells of AI?

A
  1. Polymorphoneuclear leokocyte-Neutrophil
  2. Macrophage
  3. Eosinophil
  4. Leukocyte

77-78

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11
Q

Fates/Outcome of Acute Inflammation ??

A
  1. Complete resolution
    =removal of cellular debris & microbs by macrophage
    =resorption of edema fluid by lymphatics

2.Healing by connective tissue replacement
=Scarring & Fibrosis

3.Progression to chronic inflammtion

78

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12
Q

Morphological types of AI ?

A
  1. Serous Inflamamtion
    =pleural & pericardial effusion , ascites
    =exudation of cell poor fluid into spaces created by cell injury /body cavities

2.Fibrinous inflammation
=Pricarditis,Meningitis
=vascular leaks are large to pass Large molecules

3.Purulent inflammation
=Abscess,Boil
=Production of pus/purulent exudates
=Abscess —- localized collections of pus

4.Ulcers
=local defect/excavation of the surface of an organ/tissue that is produced by sloughing /shedding of inflammed necrotic tissue
=Peptic ,stomach,duodenum

80

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13
Q

Whicha acute inflammation is more complicated ?

A

Fibrinous inflammation

80

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14
Q

Events of ACute inflammtion ??

A
  1. Vascular events
  2. Cellular events
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15
Q

Vascular events of Acute Inflammation ?

A
  1. Transient vasoconstriction
  2. Persistent vasodilation of arterioles
    =vasodilation
    =Histamine + NO
    =inc blood flow
    =Rubor & Calor
    3.Inc vascular permeability of the microvasculature
    4.Slowing of blood flow -Stasis
    =Combined Vasodilation +Inc vascular permeability

80-81

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16
Q

Inc vascular permeability-Mechanism ?

A
  1. Contraction of endothelial cells
    =inc gap between endothelial cells
    =most common & rapidly/immediatley
    =Histamine+Bradykinin+Leukotriens

2.Endothelial injury
=direct damage to endothelium
=burn-toxin-mirobes
=necrosis and detachement

3.Leukocyte mediated endothelial injury-
=Leukocyte adhere to the endothelium and release proteolytic enzyems

4.Transcytosis
=Transport of fluid and proteins through the endothelial cells
=Vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF

5.leakage from new blood vessels

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17
Q

Cells of acute inflammation?

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

chronic inflammation where neutrophil is the inflammaotry cells ?

A
  • chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis
  • chronic irritation & damage in the lungs
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19
Q

chronic inflmmation cells ?

A

lymphpocytes

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20
Q

acute I where lymphocytes are cells ?

A

acute viral infection

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21
Q

exogenous chemotactic substances ?

A

bacterial products

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22
Q

endogenous chemotactic substances ?

Study These Flashcards
A

87
C5a
IL-8
LTB4

23
Q

Vasodilators chemical mediators ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Prostaglandin
\histamine
nitric oxide 92

24
Q

pain mediators > 92

Study These Flashcards
A

prostaglandin
bradykinin

25
fever mediators ?
IL-1 TNF prostaglandin
26
Inc vascular permeability?? 92
C5a C3a leukotrienes -C4 D4 E4 PAD bradykinin
27
physiological giant cells 113
megakaryocytes of bone marrow osteoclastic giant cell in bone syncytotrophoblast of the placneta
28
pathological giant cells ?
lagnhans osteoclastic giant cell aschoff giant cells reed sternberg giant cell multinucleate giant cell
29
fate of granuloma ?
cold abscess dystrophic calcification formation of sinus tract
30
soft vs hard tubercle ? 110
soft tiubelce--- central caseartion necrosis
31
hallmark of TB ?
soft tubercle
32
key features of granuloma ?
modified activated macrophages = epithelioid cells
33
langerhans cell ?
APC
34
Morphology of granuloma ?
107
35
granuloma def ?
microscopic aggregation of epithelioid cell / epithelial like cells surrounded by collar of lymphpocytes
36
which stain for granuloma ??
H & E
37
granulomatous I ?
106 form of chronic I characterized by collections of activated Macrophages + t lymphocytes + necrosis
38
exudate vs transudate ?
101
39
exudate cause ?
inc vascular permeability
40
transudate cause ?
inc hydrostatic pressure dec plasma colloidsl osmotic pressure
41
character of exudate ?
high -== protein + specific gravity
42
exudate defiantion ?
99
43
acute phase protein name ? 114
C-reactive protein serum amyloid A = SAA fibronogen
44
pathogenesis of TB ?
109
45
which giant cell in TB ?
langhans giant cell
46
cat scratch disease agent ?
bartonella henselae
47
frustrated phagocytosis ?
90
48
phagocytosis def ?
88
49
phagocytosis M/A ?
88+89
50
why ESR rise in acute phase response ?
rise fibrinogen form rouleaux - stack that sediment rapidly
51
what is epithelioid cells ?
108
52
activated M vs Epithelioid cell ?
108
53
which mediator is must for necrosis in TB ?
TNF
54
Ecosanoids fucntion ?
96
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