INFLAMMATION

Question 1

Define inflammation

Answer 1

Protective response to infection or tissue injury aiming to eliminate cause and initiate repair

Question 2

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 2

Redness; heat; swelling; pain; loss of function

Question 3

Difference between acute and chronic inflammation

Answer 3

Acute is rapid and neutrophil‑dominated; chronic is prolonged and macrophage/lymphocyte‑dominated

Question 4

Key mediators of acute inflammation

Answer 4

Histamine; prostaglandins; TNF‑α; IL‑1; chemokines

Question 5

Steps of leukocyte extravasation

Answer 5

Rolling; adhesion; diapedesis; chemotaxis

Question 6

What leads to resolution of inflammation?

Answer 6

Removal of stimulus and anti‑inflammatory cytokines such as IL‑10 and TGF‑β