What are some cells of the inflammatory response
- Macrophages-PAMPs and
cytokines, e.g. interleukins - Vascular endothelial cells and adhesion molecules
- Mast cells and histamine
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes –
ROS, cytokines - Damaged local tissues-eicosanoids, bradykinin
- Platelets, and substance P
How is Bradykinin made/synthesized?
Hageman factor sctivated from negatively charged surface such as basement membrane of damaged vessel. Kallikrein is the protease which produces HMW-kininogen. Bradykinin is Released from its inactive precursor HMW-kininogen when it is activated during inflammatory response.
What does bradykinin do
Brady (Slow) Kinin (contraction)
- Vasodilator, slow and sustained
- Increases vascular permeability to allow materials to escape from vessels
- Spasmogen which contracts smooth muscle
- Causes pain (nociceptive) by stimulating pain receptors
What are the bradykinin receptors?
2 receptors types for bradykinin, both G protein coupled
B2 receptor is constituative, present in most tissues
B1 receptors is inducible, upregulated when tissue injured
What is substance P?
A peptide that contracts smooth muscle but is a tachykinin, which contracts fast, shorter contractions. It is produced in nervous tissue, lots of it in pain pathways so stimulates pain + swelling (histamine release). Also lots of sub P in GI tract. Very irritant e.g chilli/spices causes this sub P release
