Inflammatory response

Question 1

The purpose of the inflammatory response is…

Answer 1

to isolate, inactivate and remove causative agent and damaged tissue

Question 2

innate inflammatory response is

Answer 2

the 1st response to injury/infection

Question 3

All immune cells are made in the bone marrow from…

Answer 3

stem cells, once mature - immune cells circulate in the blood and some enter tissues (macrophages - mature monocytes) , B cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells

Question 4

An increase in eosinophils represents

Answer 4

allergic reaction (seen in atopic athsma), and elimination of parasites

Question 5

signs of inflammation are

Answer 5

redness,
heat,
swelling,
pain

Question 6

Events of inflammation

Answer 6

1. Increased blood flow - dilation to increase blood flow to provide more oxygen and nutrients required for cellular processes of inflammation. Histamine is released by mast cells and heparin.
2. Increased tissue fluid - fluid leaving the local blood vessels and entering IS spaces which is drained by lymphatic tissue. Tissue oedema can be harmful e.g respiratory passages.
3. Migration of leukocytes neutrophils respond to local macrophages signalling cytokines so that neutrophils can squeeze through endothelial cells and enter the tissue. Macrophages become predominant 24 hours after injury and persist if inflammation is not resolved leading to chronic inflammation.

Question 7

If resolution is not complete (damaged cell removal)

Answer 7

chronic inflammation can occur.

Question 8

B cells

Answer 8

produce antibodies against antigens

Question 9

T cells produced by thymus

Answer 9

remember a specific antigen

Question 10

Inflammatory mediators allow two types of responses

Answer 10

Vascular response (dilation, outflow of exudate and increased permeability to remove invading trigger by lymph)
Cellular response (cytokines recruit immune cells from the blood predominantly neutrophils to begin with and post 24 hours macrophages complete phagocytosis).

Question 11

When the cause of damage cannot be cleared, chronic inflammation is indicated by

Answer 11

presence of macrophages and leukocytes which damage tissue

Question 12

Older neutrophils

Answer 12

detect inflammation but have a decreased efficiency of getting to the source

Question 13

Atopic diseases exaggerated by IgE mediators are

Answer 13

Type I hypersensitivites