Define biomedical informatics.
The interdisciplinary field that studies and pursues the effective uses of biomedical data, information, and knowledge for scientific inquiry, problem solving, and decision making
Motivated by efforts to improve human health.
What is clinical informatics?
The application of biomedical informatics methods and techniques, including information technology, to deliver healthcare services
Includes a wide range of topics from clinical decision support to system design.
What does pharmacy informatics focus on?
The effective management and delivery of medication-related data, information, and knowledge across systems that support the medication-use process
An integral discipline within clinical informatics.
What act promoted the meaningful use of health information technology?
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Also known as the HITECH Act.
Who can be considered a pharmacy informaticist?
- Directors of Pharmacy and Managers
- Clinical Pharmacists
- Pharmacy Technicians
- Dedicated specialists involved in computerization and automation
Anyone working in pharmacy or related fields that support the flow of information.
What is an Electronic Health Record (EHR)?
A single location to store patient information, accessible remotely by multiple users simultaneously
Core functionalities include health information storage and order entry.
List the core functionalities of an EHR.
- Health information storage and retrieval
- Portability and connectivity
- Results management
- Patient support
- Order entry and support (CPOE)
- Administrative support
- Documentation and communication
- Reporting and population health management
EHRs enhance the efficiency of healthcare delivery.
What is the medication-use process?
- Diagnosing
- Prescribing
- Transcribing
- Dispensing
- Administration
- Monitoring
It affects every patient in the hospital receiving medications.
What does clinical decision support (CDS) provide?
Clinical knowledge and/or patient-related information, intelligently filtered or presented at appropriate times
Aims to enhance patient care.
What are some examples of clinical decision support alerts?
(there are 4 examples…)
- Alternative drug alerts
- Best practice alerts
- Drug interaction/dosing alerts
- Point-of-care clinical information
CDS aims to assist clinicians at the point of care.
What are the benefits of clinical decision support?
(There are 4 benefits…)
- Increased quality of care
- Improved efficiency
- Enhanced health outcomes
- Detection of potential safety problems
Helps prevent errors and adverse events.
What are the drawbacks of clinical decision support?
(there are 4 drawbacks…)
- Contributes to alert fatigue
- High quantity of alerts
- May cause delays in care
- Requires frequent updates
Alerts may be ignored or bypassed due to low perceived value.
What is Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)?
Direct entry of medical orders by a provider into a system that transmits these electronically to the appropriate department
Prevents errors due to handwriting interpretation.
What are the Five RIGHTS in medication administration?
- Right patient
- Right drug
- Right dose
- Right route
- Right time
Ensures safe medication administration.
What is the goal of digital health?
To enhance the efficiency of healthcare delivery
Involves the convergence of digital technologies, health, and society.
List areas included in digital health.
- Mobile Health (mHealth)
- Health Information Technology (IT)
- Wearable Devices
- Telehealth and Telemedicine
A broad scope that enhances healthcare delivery.
What is interoperability in health information technology?
The ability of different health information technology to communicate, exchange data, and use the information exchanged
Important for effective healthcare delivery.
What are the three levels of health information technology interoperability?
- Foundational
- Structural
- Semantic
Each level defines how data is exchanged and interpreted.
What is a significant threat to health data security?
Cyber crime
Health organizations have experienced data breaches resulting in multibillion-dollar settlements.
What is the increasing threat posed by cyber crime in healthcare?
Health data is attractive to criminals
Health organizations have experienced highly publicized data breaches resulting in multibillion-dollar settlements.
In 2016, what percentage of large health organizations experienced a data breach in the prior 12 months?
85%
This statistic highlights the prevalence of security issues within health organizations.
What should health organizations consider to prepare for cybercrime?
(There are 5…)
- Designate a Chief Security Officer (CSO)
- Increase IT budgets
- Build stronger data-security systems
- Have crisis-management strategies
- Share security responsibility with vendors
These measures are essential for enhancing IT security.
Define data analytics in the context of healthcare.
Examination of data to draw conclusions
Also referred to as Clinical & Business intelligence.
What does big data in healthcare refer to?
(There are 5…)
- Electronic health data sets
- Clinical data from EHRs
- Patient data in personal health records
- Machine-generated data
- Non-patient-specific data
Big data is complex and difficult to manage with traditional tools.
