Informatics 3b- Hardware and Software

Question 1

information literacy

Answer 1

• identify information needed
• locate pertinent information
• evaluate information
• apply information correctly

Question 2

information/hardware

Answer 2

• understanding where information comes from, what it represents, and how it is generated, ensures that a healthcare professional will maximize that information resource
• understanding hardware technology ensures the healthcare professional that the company’s processing will deliver information

Question 3

information system

Answer 3

• purpose:
• to automate- make to make your life simple -> after 3 clicks there is something wrong -> notify when something is wrong
• to control- what the user sees, how much, and what you need to see -> access
• to simplify
• to maximize productivity- get info quicker, treat quick, get them out

-gathers raw data and processes it into useable information

Question 4

purpose of information system components

Answer 4

• purpose:
• output
• application
• human- makes the mistakes
• end user classification- people that use it
• information specialist classification- people that train

Question 5

information system components: hardware

Answer 5

• computer group- networks, computers

- peripherals group- printers, monitors

Question 6

information system components: data

Answer 6

• storage methodology

- elements

Question 7

information system components: software

Answer 7

• operation component

- business logic component

Question 8

shortcuts

Answer 8

• lead to mistakes

- if something goes wrong and you only know the shortcut you dont have a backup solution (the long way)

Question 9

purpose of components

Answer 9

• transactions- HL7
• information- structured information
• knowledge
• support

Question 10

data

Answer 10

unstructured information

Question 11

hardware component

Answer 11

• computer-
• CPU or processor- the brains
• primary storage
• secondary storage
• peripheral (input and output devices)

Question 12

history of computer

Answer 12

• ENIAC 1946 the electronic numerical integrator and calculator
• first computer

Question 13

special purpose computers

Answer 13

• supercomputer- mind-blowing, artificial intelligence, very powerful, bioinformatics
• mainframes- centralized, dumb terminal connected, 1:1 ratio
• workstation- powerful, CPU, hardware, $$
• personal computer

Question 14

servers

Answer 14

• powerful machines that serve many users and handle many transactions
• allows many users, many transaction, many programs at the same time
• combines everything

Question 15

digital devices

Answer 15

• data representation
• represented by combinations of ones and off- 0’d and 1’s
• ex. digital clock, digital thermometer

Question 16

analog devices

Answer 16

• data represented
• measures continuous physical property or quantity
• ex. face clock, mercury thermometer

Question 17

digital points of reference: conversions***

Answer 17

• test*
• 1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (1k)
• 1,024 kilobyte = 1 megabyte (1 meg)
• 1,024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte (1 gig)
• 1,024 gigabyte = 1 terabyte
• in health care we deal with terabytes

Question 18

Digital points of reference: disks sizes

Answer 18

• floppy disk
• hard disk- spins, expensive, fragile
• CD-ROM
• DVD-ROM
• mainframe / server hard disk arrays

Question 19

Central processing unit

Answer 19

• CPU
• 3 majors components (only need to know 2)
• arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)- speaks in numbers, math, calculations
• control unit- controls the CPU, where the data is going

Question 20

primary storage

Answer 20

• a device on your computer that stores all of your applications such as operating system, word, excel, access, etc.
• can be erased
• RAM
• hard drives*
• USB

Question 21

erased

Answer 21

• primary storage
• RAM
• hard drives
• USB
• magnetic field can erase it
• permanent damage

Question 22

RAM

Answer 22

• primary storage
• memory (DRAM) is a component in your computer that allows your system to perform many of its everyday tasks, such as load applications, browse the web, edit a spreadsheet in excel, or experience the realism of the latest game
• memory is what allows your computer to perform its basic functions
• as a general rule -> more memory you have the better
• quicker route -> memorizes stuff so you dont have to go to the hard drive
• volatile
• RAM > hard drive
• chip
• temporally stores
• allows you to open a bunch of browsers at once
• more maneuvering
• once you shut off the computer it erases the RAM -> starts over

Question 23

secondary storage/memory

Answer 23

• cannot be erased

- ROM

Question 24

ROM

Answer 24

• after the computer is on the ROM is useless
• Memory is what allows your computer to perform its basic function
• As a general rule, the more memory you have, the better
• helps turn on the computer
• like the key to a car

Question 25

open/closed architecture

Answer 25

- allows you to add devices - system board contains expansion slots in which you can plug expansion boards for additional hardware - closed architecture- everything is built in and cant be changed -> laptop - open architecture- can change parts and upgrade it -> desktop - ex. sound card, graphics card

Question 26

RPM

Answer 26

- RPM- revolutions per minute - storage - more spins -> faster -> but more heat - more heat -> greater chance of failure

Question 27

why are laptops more expensive

Answer 27

-smaller parts

Question 28

inputs

Answer 28

- 2 types - input and output - microphone -> input- you must put information in - speaker- output - CD ROM or DVD- input - CD-RW (rewritable)- input and output -> you can put information in and out - touch screen monitor- input output - document scanner- input - mouse- input

Question 29

fiber optic signal

Answer 29

-light

Question 30

computer connectivity

Answer 30

- wired networks - wireless networks - modems - router

Question 31

wireless network -> slowest to fastest

Answer 31

-A, B, C, G, N, X

Question 32

wired network -> fastest to slowest

Answer 32

-fiber optic, coaxial, CAT-5, DSL, RJ45

Question 33

operating systems

Answer 33

- way we explain information | - provide file, display, networking, etc. services to users and programmers

Question 34

programmers

Answer 34

- standard interface - avoids "reinventing the wheel" - file access, display, network connection, etc. - not smart- they just put things on screens

Question 35

users

Answer 35

- smart - make things happen - file management, maintenance, utilities

Question 36

windows

Answer 36

-graphical user interface (GUI)

Question 37

Macintosh

Answer 37

- original GUI | - apple

Question 38

unix

Answer 38

- workstation oriented - linux is a derivative gaining ground - heavy duty operating system - impressive- barely goes down - robust

Question 39

network system

Answer 39

- user accessibility | - control

Question 40

novell

Answer 40

-operation system for networks

Question 41

computer software applications

Answer 41

- everyday apps we always use - word processing - spreadsheets - database management system (DBMS) - bibliographic management programs - presentation programs - graphic programs - email applications - web browser software - web authoring program

Question 42

data management software

Answer 42

- data files | - databases

Question 43

database

Answer 43

- file cabinet - organization - labels

Question 44

summary

Answer 44

- new innovations in computer applications will help manage health information - technology has advanced compared to the first generation of computers - healthcare professionals should be computer literate