Informed Consent

Question 1

What are the 2 types of consent?

Answer 1

Informed: Voluntary affirmation by the pt to allow touching, examination and treatment
Uninformed: Pt gives permission but does not understand what they have consented to

Question 2

What are the 2 requirements for a pt to give informed consent?

Answer 2

1. Pt has decision making capacity

2. Consent is given freely

Question 3

What information does the pt need to have informed consent?

Answer 3

1. Nature of Tx
2. Risks
3. Alternatives
4. Benefits
5. Risks to non-action

Question 4

General rules of providing information

Answer 4

1. Larger the risk, larger duty to inform

2. More elective the procedure, more detailed the description

Question 5

What are the 2 ways to negate informed consent?

Answer 5

1. Coertion: Always unethical/ Threat

2. Manipulation: Always unethical/ Non-truth

Question 6

What are the exceptions to informed consent?

Answer 6

1. Emergencies (Good Samaritan): DON’T TAKE PAYMENT AFTERWARDS
2. Waivers: Pt voluntarily declines consent
3. Incapacity: Always assume pt has capacity
4. Minors

Question 7

Discuss minors and ethics

Answer 7

1. <18 is presumed incompetent

Question 8

What are the exceptions regarding minors?

Answer 8

1. Emergency situation
2. Mature minor: >16 , depends on state laws
3. Emancipated minor

Question 9

Discuss informed refusal

Answer 9

Have a pt sign the Against Medical Advice (AMA) form.