Inheritance

Question 1

what are a plants gametes?

Answer 1

pollen and ovules

Question 2

how do plants reproduce?

Answer 2

some plants can reproduce asexually and sexually

Question 3

how do mammals reproduce?

Answer 3

sexually

Question 4

how do bacteria and fungi reproduce?

Answer 4

asexually

Question 5

what are some chracteristics of asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

no genetic variation
mitosis
no fuision of gametes
produce gentically identical clones

Question 6

is binary fission sexual or asexual?

Answer 6

asexual

Question 7

what are some characteristics of sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

involves fertilisation/ fusion
two parents
characteristics are a combination of both parents
leads to genetic variation
gametes formed by meiosis

Question 8

what can meiosis only be used for?

Answer 8

the production of gametes

Question 9

what are the human gametes?

Answer 9

sperm and egg

Question 10

what are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 10

sexual has 2 parents whereas asexual has 1
sexual involves the fusion of gametes, asexual dosent’t
sexual the characteristics are a combination of both parents, with asexual there not
sexual there is genetic variation in the offspring whereas asexual produces clones

Question 11

what are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

advantages
-only needs one parent
-quick

disadvantages
-no genetic variation
-less chance of adapting to new conditions

Question 12

what are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 12

advantages
-lots of genetic variation so there less likely to be wiped out by a single event

disadvantages
-takes a lot of time and energy
-need to impress their mate

Question 13

what is mitosis needed for?

Answer 13

growth and repair

Question 14

what is produced after mitosis?

Answer 14

two diploid genetically identical daughter cells

Question 15

what does it mean if a cell is diploid or haploid?

Answer 15

diploid- it has two sets of chromosomes
haploid- has one set of chromosomes

Question 16

where are eggs and sperm made?

Answer 16

the ovaries and testes

Question 17

how are the cells different in the ovaries and testes compared to the egg and sperm?

Answer 17

they are diploid whereas the egg and sperm are haploid

Question 18

after a zygote is formed what type of division is used ?

Answer 18

mitosis because they are no longer making gametes

Question 19

what is the process of meiosis?

Question 20

what is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 20

mitosis takes part in body cells whereas meiosis takes part in the ovaries or testes
mitosis produces 2 daughter cells whereas meiosis produces 4 daughter cells
mitosis products are genetically identical, meiosis aren’t as they have a different number of chromosomes
in the daughhter cells from mitosis are diploid whereas fro meiosis they are haploid
they is only 1division in mitosis but 2 in meiosis
mitosis produces genetically identical body cells, meiosis produces gametes
mitosis is for the growth and repair of tissues whereas meiosis is for the production of gametes

Question 21

what is an allele?

Answer 21

different forms of a gene

must not put the s on the end of gene

Question 22

what are alleles always arranged in?

Answer 22

pairs

Question 23

what two things can an allele be?

Answer 23

recessive or dominant

Question 24

what is the genotype?

Answer 24

the alleles present for a particular characteristic

Question 25

what is the phenotype?

Answer 25

the physical appearance expressed

Question 26

what does heterozygous mean?

Answer 26

their is both a dominant and recessive allele present

Question 27

what does homozygous mean?

Answer 27

their is two dominant or two recessive alleles present

Question 28

what must you do in an exam for a punnets square question?

Answer 28

must say the phenotype and genotype of each parent say what alleles will be present in the gametes draw punnets square make sure you label both parents in each square right what the phenotype will be calcualte the probability write a conclusive statment

Question 29

what are two exmples of inherited disorders?

Answer 29

polydactyl cystic fibrosis

Question 30

Is polydactyl caaused by a dominant or recessive allele?

Answer 30

Dominant

Question 31

Is cystic fibrosis caused by a dominant or recessive allele?

Answer 31

recessive

Question 32

what must both parents be for a child to have cystic fibrosis?

Answer 32

carriers one parent could have the disorder and the other a carrier

Question 33

what is polydactyl?

Answer 33

a condition that results in extra fingers or toes

Question 34

what is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 34

a condition that causes thick, sticky mucus to coat the lungs, pancreas and reproductive ducts

Question 35

what is a carrier?

Answer 35

someone who has a recessive allele for a characteristic that has not been expressed

Question 36

what are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 36

breathlessness and coughing as mucus clogs the airways repeated chest infections as bacteria is trapped and thrive in the mucus mucus blocks pancreatic duct which stops enzyme secretion so theres poor digestion. Therfore often low weight and energy levels

Question 37

what are the treatments for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 37

drugs can widen the airways and break down excess mucus oxygen masks can help with breathing physiotherapy can loosen mucus to make it easier to cough up enzyme tablets boost pancreatic enzyme levels, improving digestion and growth also increasing energy levels antibiotics for chest infections

Question 38

what is embryonic screening?

Answer 38

when the DNA of an embryo is tested for the presence of any inherited genetic disorders

Question 39

how is embryonic screening done?

Answer 39

a cell is removed from the embryo DNA is isolated from the embryo cell a fluorescent probe is mixed with the embryo DNA probe then binds to embryo DNA UV light will show the alleles